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Association of metabolic syndrome with Alzheimer disease

A population-based study

From the Department of Neurology and Neuroscience (M.V., K.K., T.H., H.S.) and Department of Medicine (L.M., M.L., J.K.), Kuopio University Hospital and the University of Kuopio, and Department of Community Health and General Practice (E.-L.H.), University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland; and Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K.K., Y.A.K.).

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Matti Vanhanen, Niuvanniemi Hospital, FI-70240 Kuopio, Finland; e-mail: matti.vanhanen{at}niuva.fi

Objective: To assess the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with Alzheimer disease (AD).

Methods: The authors derived subjects from a population-based study of 980 randomly selected elderly subjects. After exclusion of all non-Alzheimer dementia cases, the final study population included 959 subjects (337 men and 622 women) aged 69 to 78 years. The presence of MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult Treatment Panel III) criteria, and the diagnosis of AD was based on the criteria of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke–Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association.

Results: Of the study subjects, 418 (43.6%) had MetS. Probable or possible AD was diagnosed in 45 subjects (4.7%). AD was more frequently detected in subjects with MetS than in subjects without MetS (7.2 vs 2.8%; p < 0.001). The prevalence of AD was higher in women with MetS vs women without the syndrome (8.3 vs 1.9%; p < 0.001), but in men with MetS, the prevalence of AD was not increased (3.8 vs 3.9%; p = 0.994). In univariate logistic regression analysis, MetS was significantly associated with AD (odds ratio [OR] 2.71; 95% CI 1.44 to 5.10). In multivariate logistic regression analysis including also apolipoprotein E4 phenotype, education, age, and total cholesterol, MetS was significantly associated with AD (OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.27 to 4.78). If only nondiabetic subjects were included in the multivariate analysis, MetS was still significantly associated with AD (OR 3.26; 95% CI 1.45 to 7.27).

Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is associated with Alzheimer disease in elderly subjects.

Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Received September 26, 2005. Accepted in final form May 9, 2006.

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