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NEUROLOGY 2006;67:1023-1027
© 2006 American Academy of Neurology

Volumetric MRI differences in treatment-naïve vs chronically treated children with ADHD

Steven R. Pliszka, MD, Jack Lancaster, PhD, Mario Liotti, MD, PhD and Margaret Semrud-Clikeman, PhD

From the Department of Psychiatry (S.R.P.) and Research Imaging Center (J.L.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Psychiatry (M.L.), University of Nottingham, UK; Department of Psychology (M.L.), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada; and Department of Educational Psychology (M.S.-C.), University of Texas at Austin.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Margaret Semrud-Clikeman, University Station, D 5800, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712; e-mail: peg.semrud{at}mail.utexas.edu

Objective: To determine if there are differences in the volume of the caudate and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) between children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and controls, and if such differences are related to the subjects’ history of stimulant treatment.

Methods: We performed a case-control study in an academic medical center. Twenty-one healthy controls, 16 children with ADHD, combined type with a history of stimulant treatment, and 14 children with ADHD, combined type treatment naïve, underwent structural MRI. All children with ADHD were medication-free at the time of the MRI. Regional hemispheric volumes (in cm3) of caudate and anterior cingulate cortex were determined.

Results: There were significant differences bilaterally on caudate volume for both ADHD groups vs controls, with no difference between the ADHD groups on either side. In contrast, the right ACC was significantly smaller for the ADHD-treatment naïve (ADHD/TN) group compared to the ADHD-treated (ADHD/Rx) and control group. The volume of left ACC approached significance contrast between ADHD/RX and ADHD/TN. There were no differences found between the ADHD/Rx and controls on the ACC volumes bilaterally.

Conclusions: The results from this study indicate a relationship of previous treatment history with caudate and anterior cingulate volumetric changes in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder–combined type.

Supported by National Institute of Mental Health grant R01 MH63986.

Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Received January 18, 2006. Accepted in final form May 22, 2006.






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