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From the Department of Neurology (M.M.C., C.H.K.), Department of Neurobiology & Behavior (C.H.K.), and Institute for Brain Aging and Dementia (M.M.C., D.B., C.H.K.), University of California Irvine; Department of Biostatistics (R.B.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Preventive Medicine (A.P.-H.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. María M. Corrada, 1513 Hewitt Hall, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1400 mcorrada{at}uci.edu.
Background: Although the prevalence of dementia increases with age from ages 65 to 85, whether this increase continues after age 90 is unclear. Most studies reporting on dementia prevalence do not have sufficient participants to estimate prevalence for specific ages and sexes above age 90. Here, we estimate age- and sex-specific prevalence of all-cause dementia in the oldest-old, those aged 90 and older.
Methods: Participants are 911 elderly from The 90+ Study, a population-based study of aging and dementia in people aged 90 and above. Dementia was diagnosed using in-person examinations as well as telephone and informant questionnaires.
Results: The overall prevalence of all-cause dementia was higher in women (45%, 95% CI = 41.5–49.0) than men (28%, 95% CI = 21.7–34.2). Among women, prevalence increased with age after age 90, essentially doubling every 5 years. A lower prevalence of dementia was significantly associated with higher education in women but not in men.
Conclusions: In a very large sample of participants aged 90 and older, prevalence of all-cause dementia doubled every 5 years for women but not men.
Abbreviations: ADL = Activities of Daily Living; CASI-short = Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument; CSHA = Canadian Study of Health and Aging; DQ = Dementia Questionnaire; DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition; DSRS = Dementia Severity Rating Scale; FAQ = Functional Activities Questionnaire; LEILA75+ = Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the Aged; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination.
Supplemental data at www.neurology.org.
Editorial, page 310.
e-Pub ahead of print on July 2, 2008, at www.neurology.org.
Funded by a grant from the National Institute of Health (R01AG21055) and the Al and Trish Nichols Chair in Clinical Neuroscience.
Disclosure: The authors report no disclosures.
Received August 10, 2007. Accepted in final form December 7, 2007.
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