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Figure 2 Complications of surgery
Frequency (%) of complications with surgical procedures for trigeminal neuralgia. PGL = percutaneous Gasserian lesions (includes radiofrequency thermocoagulation, glycerol rhizotomy, balloon compression); MVD = microvascular decompression; GKS = Gamma knife surgery. Perioperative complications: pneumonia and deep vein thrombosis. Data from 14 trials (Class III) in 2,785 operated patients, detailed in table e-9. *Many Class IV studies on GKS report trigeminal sensory disturbances in 9–37% of patients.
