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Published online before print September 17, 2008, doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000320508.11013.4f)
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Received February 24, 2008
Accepted May 6, 2008

High prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment in Indigenous Australians

K. Smith BSc, L. Flicker PhD*, N. T. Lautenschlager MD, O. P. Almeida PhD, D. Atkinson MBBS, MPH, A. Dwyer Dip Arts, and D. LoGiudice PhD

From the Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing (K.S., L.F., N.T.L., O.P.A., A.D.D.A.), School of Primary Aboriginal and Rural Health Care (K.S., D.A.), School of Medicine and Pharmacology (K.S., L.F.), and School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences (N.T.L., O.P.A.), University of Western Australia; Departments of Geriatric Medicine (L.F.) and Psychiatry (N.T.L., O.P.A.), Royal Perth Hospital; Kimberley Aboriginal Medical Services Council (D.A.), Broome; Department of Psychiatry (N.T.L.), Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St. Vincent's Health, University of Melbourne; and Royal Park Melbourne Health and National Ageing Research Institute (D.L.), Australia.


* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Leon.Flicker{at}uwa.edu.au.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment among older Indigenous Australians.

Methods: A total of 363 Indigenous Australians aged over 45 years from the Kimberley region in the far north of Western Australia were assessed with the Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment (KICA). All those scoring less than 37 on the KICA and a percentage of those scoring 37 or more were reviewed by specialist clinicians and DSM-IV consensus diagnoses were obtained from two other specialists blinded to KICA results.

Results: The prevalence of dementia was 12.4%, substantially higher than in the Australian general population. The prevalence of cognitive impairment not dementia was 8.0%.

Conclusions: The prevalence of dementia among Indigenous Australians is substantially higher than that found in non–Indigenous Australians and all other studied populations.


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