Bigal et al found a relationship between migraine prevalence and low household income stating that the relationship "mandates a search for environmental risk factors associated with low income which increase the 1-year period prevalence of migraine." [1] The authors plan to investigate "nutrition, emotional and physical stress, and treatment patterns" as possible risk factors.
Recent reports emphasize the close relationship of migraine occurrence to conditions that facilitate hypoxia, such as sleep apnea, mountain climbing, pulmonary AVM, exertion, and smoking. [2] The higher rate of cigarette smoking in those with low income is well recognized, as is the higher incidence of migraine in smokers. [3,4]
It may be interesting to evaluate the relationship of the environmental risk factor of smoking (both primary and secondary) to migraine prevalence in adolescents without family history of migraine. In addition, if hypoxia were the provocative factor, perhaps a correlation between the actual act of smoking (low pO2) or exposure to secondary smoke and the onset of headache could be examined.
References
1. Bigal ME, Lipton, RB, Winner, P, Reed ML, Diamond S, Stewart, WF. Migraine in adolescents. Association with socioeconomic status and family history. Neurology 2007; 69:16-25.
2. Gilbert GJ. The purpose of migraine. Florida Medical Assn. Quarterly J. 2005; 26-27.
3. Chen TC, Leviton A, Edelstein S, Ellenberg JH. Migraine and other diseases in women of reproductive age. The influence of smoking on observed associations. Arch. Neurol. 1987; 44:1024-1028.
4. Aamodt AH, Stovner LJ, Hagen K, Brathen G, Zwart J. Headache prevalence related to smoking and alcohol use. The Head-Hunt study. European J. Neurol. 2006; 13:1233-1238.
The authors had the opportunity to respond but declined.
Disclosure: The author reports no conflicts of interest.