Articles
April 11, 2005
Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score
Using disability and disease duration to rate disease severity
R. H.S.R. Roxburgh, FRACP, S. R. Seaman, PhD, T. Masterman, PhD, A. E. Hensiek, MRCP, S. J. Sawcer, PhD, S. Vukusic, PhD, I. Achiti, PhD, … Show All … , C. Confavreux, PhD, M. Coustans, PhD, E. le Page, PhD, G. Edan, PhD, G. V. McDonnell, MD, S. Hawkins, PhD, M. Trojano, PhD, M. Liguori, PhD, E. Cocco, PhD, M. G. Marrosu, PhD, F. Tesser, MD, M. A. Leone, MD, A. Weber, Dip Biol, F. Zipp, MD, B. Miterski, MD, J. T. Epplen, MD, A. Oturai, PhD, P. Soelberg Sørensen, PhD, E. G. Celius, PhD, N. Téllez Lara, PhD, X. Montalban, PhD, P. Villoslada, PhD, A. M. Silva, MD, M. Marta, MD, I. Leite, MD, B. Dubois, PhD, J. Rubio, PhD, H. Butzkueven, PhD, T. Kilpatrick, PhD, M. P. Mycko, MD, K. W. Selmaj, MD, M. E. Rio, PhD, M. Sá, PhD, G. Salemi, MD, G. Savettieri, MD, J. Hillert, PhD, and D.A.S. Compston, PhD Show FewerAuthors Info & Affiliations
Abstract
Background: There is no consensus method for determining progression of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) when each patient has had only a single assessment in the course of the disease.
Methods: Using data from two large longitudinal databases, the authors tested whether cross-sectional disability assessments are representative of disease severity as a whole. An algorithm, the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS), which relates scores on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) to the distribution of disability in patients with comparable disease durations, was devised and then applied to a collection of 9,892 patients from 11 countries to create the Global MSSS. In order to compare different methods of detecting such effects the authors simulated the effects of a genetic factor on disability.
Results: Cross-sectional EDSS measurements made after the first year were representative of overall disease severity. The MSSS was more powerful than the other methods the authors tested for detecting different rates of disease progression.
Conclusion: The Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) is a powerful method for comparing disease progression using single assessment data. The Global MSSS can be used as a reference table for future disability comparisons. While useful for comparing groups of patients, disease fluctuation precludes its use as a predictor of future disability in an individual.
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Published online: April 11, 2005
Published in issue: April 12, 2005
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R. H.S.R. Roxburgh, FRACP
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
S. R. Seaman, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
T. Masterman, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
A. E. Hensiek, MRCP
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
S. J. Sawcer, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
S. Vukusic, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
I. Achiti, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
C. Confavreux, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
M. Coustans, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
E. le Page, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
G. Edan, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
G. V. McDonnell, MD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
S. Hawkins, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
M. Trojano, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
M. Liguori, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
E. Cocco, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
M. G. Marrosu, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
F. Tesser, MD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
M. A. Leone, MD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
A. Weber, Dip Biol
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
F. Zipp, MD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
B. Miterski, MD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
J. T. Epplen, MD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
A. Oturai, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
P. Soelberg Sørensen, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
E. G. Celius, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
N. Téllez Lara, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
X. Montalban, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
P. Villoslada, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
A. M. Silva, MD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
M. Marta, MD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
I. Leite, MD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
B. Dubois, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
J. Rubio, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
H. Butzkueven, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
T. Kilpatrick, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
M. P. Mycko, MD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
K. W. Selmaj, MD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
M. E. Rio, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
M. Sá, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
G. Salemi, MD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
G. Savettieri, MD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
J. Hillert, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
D.A.S. Compston, PhD
From the Neurology Department (Drs. Roxburgh, Sawcer, and Compston, and A.E. Hensiek), Cambridge University, UK; Auckland City Hospital (Dr. Roxburgh), New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (Dr. Seaman), Munich, Germany; Division of Neurology (Drs. Masterman and Hillert), NEUROTEC, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; EDMUS Coordinating Centre (Drs. Vukusic, Achiti, and Confavreux), Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France; Clinique Neurologique (Drs. Coustans, le Page, and Edan), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service (Drs. McDonnell and Hawkins), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (Drs. Trojano and Liguori), University of Bari, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (Drs. Cocco and Marrosu), Centro Sclerosi, Multipla University of Cagliari, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Università del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Clinica Neurologica (Drs. Tesser and Leone), Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Institut für Neuroimmunologie (A. Weber and Dr. Zipp), Klinische und Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Neurowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Berlin; Abteilung für Humangenetik (Drs. Miterski and Epplen), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology (Drs. Oturai and Soelberg Sørensen), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Dr. Celius), Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (Drs. Téllez Lara and Montalban), Vall D’Hebron, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Dr. Villoslada), Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Neuroimmunology Group (Drs. Silva, Marta, and Leite), Department of Neurology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal; University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Dr. Dubois), University of Leuven, Belgium; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Drs. Rubio, Butzkueven, and Kilpatrick), IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases (Dr. Kilpatrick), Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (Drs. Mycko and Selmaj), Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Neurology Department (Drs. Rio and Sá), Hospital de S. Joáo, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Neuropsichiatry (Drs. Salemi and Savettieri), Palermo, Italy.
Notes
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. R. Roxburgh, Neurology Dept., Cambridge University, Hills Rd., Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK; e-mail: [email protected]
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