AAN.com
Quick search in Citations
AnywhereCitation
Advanced Search
Trending Terms:
Articles
June 12, 2006

Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia
Development of a new clinical scale

T. Schmitz-Hübsch, MD, S. Tezenas du Montcel, MD, PhD, L. Baliko, MD, J. Berciano, MD, S. Boesch, MD, C. Depondt, MD, P. Giunti, MD, … Show All … , C. Globas, MD, J. Infante, MD, J. -S. Kang, MD, B. Kremer, MD, C. Mariotti, MD, B. Melegh, MD, PhD, M. Pandolfo, MD, M. Rakowicz, MD, P. Ribai, MD, R. Rola, MD, L. Schöls, MD, S. Szymanski, MD, B. P. van de Warrenburg, MD, A. Dürr, MD, and T. Klockgether, MDAuthors Info & Affiliations
June 13, 2006 issue
66 (11) 1717-1720
https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000219042.60538.92
Letters to the Editor
Track CitationsAdd to favorites
Get Access

Abstract

Objective: To develop a reliable and valid clinical scale measuring the severity of ataxia.
Methods: The authors devised the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and tested it in two trials of 167 and 119 patients with spinocerebellar ataxia.
Results: The mean time to administer SARA in patients was 14.2 ± 7.5 minutes (range 5 to 40). Interrater reliability was high, with an intraclass coefficient (ICC) of 0.98. Test-retest reliability was high with an ICC of 0.90. Internal consistency was high as indicated by Cronbach's α of 0.94. Factorial analysis revealed that the rating results were determined by a single factor. SARA ratings showed a linear relation to global assessments using a visual analogue scale, suggesting linearity of the scale (p < 0.0001, r2 = 0.98). SARA score increased with the disease stage (p < 0.001) and was closely correlated with the Barthel Index (r = −0.80, p < 0.001) and part IV (functional assessment) of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS-IV) (r = −0.89, p < 0.0001), whereas it had only a weak correlation with disease duration (r = 0.34, p < 0.0002)
Conclusions: The Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia is a reliable and valid measure of ataxia, making it an appropriate primary outcome measure for clinical trials.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Get Access

Supplementary Material

File (e1.doc)

References

1.
Fillyaw MJ, Badger GJ, Bradley WG, et al. Quantitative measures of neurological function in chronic neuromuscular diseases and ataxia. J Neurol Sci 1989;92:17–36.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
2.
Klockgether T, Schroth G, Diener HC, Dichgans J. Idiopathic cerebellar ataxia of late onset: natural history and MRI morphology. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990;53:297–305.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
3.
Trouillas P, Takayanagi T, Hallett M, et al. International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale for pharmacological assessment of the cerebellar syndrome. J Neurol Sci 1997;145:205–211.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
4.
Subramony SH, May W, Lynch D, et al. Measuring Friedreich ataxia: interrater reliability of a neurologic rating scale. Neurology 2005;64:1261–1262.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
5.
Storey E, Tuck K, Hester R, Hughes A, Churchyard A. Inter-rater reliability of the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS). Mov Disord 2004;19:190–192.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
6.
Schmitz-Hübsch T, Tezenas du Montcel S, Baliko L, et al. Reliability and validity of the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS): A study in 156 spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) patients. Mov Disord 2006;21:699–704.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
7.
Klockgether T, Lüdtke R, Kramer B, et al. The natural history of degenerative ataxia: a retrospective study in 466 patients. Brain 1998;121:589–600.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
8.
Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: the Barthel index. Md State Med J 1965;14:61–65.
PubMed
Google Scholar
9.
Huntington Study Group. Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale: reliability and consistency. Mov Disord 1996;11:136–142.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
10.
Schöls L, Krüger R, Amoiridis G, Przuntek H, Epplen JT, Riess O. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6: genotype and phenotype in German kindreds. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;64:67–73.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Neurology®
Volume 66 • Number 11 • June 13, 2006
Pages: 1717-1720
PubMed: 16769946

Copyright

© 2006.

Publication History

Published online: June 12, 2006
Published in print: June 13, 2006

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations & Disclosures

T. Schmitz-Hübsch, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
S. Tezenas du Montcel, MD, PhD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
L. Baliko, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
J. Berciano, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
S. Boesch, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
C. Depondt, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
P. Giunti, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
C. Globas, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
J. Infante, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
J. -S. Kang, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
B. Kremer, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
C. Mariotti, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
B. Melegh, MD, PhD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
M. Pandolfo, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
M. Rakowicz, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
P. Ribai, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
R. Rola, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
L. Schöls, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
S. Szymanski, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
B. P. van de Warrenburg, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
A. Dürr, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author
T. Klockgether, MD
From the Department of Neurology (T.S.-H., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.T.M.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, Paris, France; Modeling in Clinical Research (S.T.M.), EA 3974, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology and Stroke (L.B.), County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., J.I.), University Hospital Marqués de Valldecilla, Santander, Spain; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (C.D., M.P.), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (R.F., C.M.), Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (P.G.), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (C.G., L.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.K., B.P.W.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development (M.B.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (M.R., R.R.), Warsaw, Poland; INSERM U679 and Department of Genetics (P.R., A.D.), Cytogenetics and Embryology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (S.S.), St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
View all articles by this author

Notes

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Thomas Klockgether, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany; e-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download Citations

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited By
    • Hussein Ghasham,
    • Heather Heild,
    • Rebecca Patel,
    Exacerbation of Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome in the Context of COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report, Cureus, (2024).https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69969
    Crossref
    • Caroline Bozzetto Ambrosi,
    • Patricia Bozzetto Ambrosi,
    Introductory Chapter: Insights into Ataxia, Ataxia - Practice Essentials and Interventions, (2024).https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113755
    Crossref
    • Ichiro Yabe,
    Recent clinical advances in hereditary spinocerebellar degeneration遺伝性脊髄小脳変性症の臨床における最近の進歩, Rinsho Shinkeigaku, 64, 3, (135-147), (2024).https://doi.org/10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001931
    Crossref
    • Ami Kumar,
    • Kristen L. Matulis,
    • Zena A. Fadel,
    • Alexander S. Fanning,
    • Christian J. Amlang,
    • Sheng-Han Kuo,
    Effects of Low-Frequency Deep Brain Stimulation in Bilateral Zona Incerta for a Patient With Tremor and Cerebellar Ataxia, Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements, 14, (42), (2024).https://doi.org/10.5334/tohm.925
    Crossref
    • Rohan Mahale,
    • Sandeep M,
    • Anitha Mahadevan,
    • Nitish Kamble,
    • Vikram Holla,
    • Pramod K. Pal,
    • Ravi Yadav,
    Onconeural antibody-associated cerebellar ataxia: An analysis, Annals of Movement Disorders, 7, 2, (102-107), (2024).https://doi.org/10.4103/aomd.aomd_24_24
    Crossref
    • Rohan Mahale,
    • Sandeep M,
    • Anita Mahadevan,
    • Nitish Kamble,
    • Vikram Holla,
    • Ravindranadh Mundlamuri,
    • Seena Vengalil,
    • Netravathi M,
    • Atchayaram Nalini,
    • Pramod Kumar Pal,
    • Ravi Yadav,
    Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies-associated cerebellar ataxia: A treatable ataxia, Annals of Movement Disorders, 7, 1, (13-18), (2024).https://doi.org/10.4103/aomd.aomd_23_23
    Crossref
    • Dante Trabassi,
    • Stefano Filippo Castiglia,
    • Fabiano Bini,
    • Franco Marinozzi,
    • Arash Ajoudani,
    • Marta Lorenzini,
    • Giorgia Chini,
    • Tiwana Varrecchia,
    • Alberto Ranavolo,
    • Roberto De Icco,
    • Carlo Casali,
    • Mariano Serrao,
    Optimizing Rare Disease Gait Classification through Data Balancing and Generative AI: Insights from Hereditary Cerebellar Ataxia, Sensors, 24, 11, (3613), (2024).https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113613
    Crossref
    • Daniel Kroneberg,
    • Astrid Nümann,
    • Martina Minnerop,
    • Maria Rönnefarth,
    • Matthias Endres,
    • Andrea A. Kühn,
    • Friedemann Paul,
    • Sarah Doss,
    • Susanne Solbrig,
    • Morad Elshehabi,
    • Walter Maetzler,
    • Tanja Schmitz-Hübsch,
    Gait Variability as a Potential Motor Marker of Cerebellar Disease—Relationship between Variability of Stride, Arm Swing and Trunk Movements, and Walking Speed, Sensors, 24, 11, (3476), (2024).https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113476
    Crossref
    • Fabiana Colucci,
    • Sara Stefanelli,
    • Elena Contaldi,
    • Andrea Gozzi,
    • Alessia Marchetti,
    • Maura Pugliatti,
    • Michele Laudisi,
    • Pietro Antenucci,
    • Jay Guido Capone,
    • Daniela Gragnaniello,
    • Mariachiara Sensi,
    Cognition in Patients with Spinocerebellar Ataxia 1 (SCA1) and 2 (SCA2): A Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Approach, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13, 16, (4880), (2024).https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164880
    Crossref
    • Stefania Della Vecchia,
    • Alessandra Tessa,
    • Rosa Pasquariello,
    • Luis Seabra,
    • Yanick J. Crow,
    • Roberta Battini,
    NOTCH1-Related Leukoencephalopathy: A Novel Variant and Literature Review, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25, 5, (2864), (2024).https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052864
    Crossref
  11. See more

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Personal login Institutional Login
Purchase Options

The neurology.org payment platform is currently offline. Our technical team is working as quickly as possible to restore service.

If you need immediate support or to place an order, please call or email customer service:

  • 1-800-638-3030 for U.S. customers - 8:30 - 7 pm ET (M-F)
  • 1-301-223-2300 for customers outside the U.S. - 8:30 - 7 pm ET (M-F)
  • [email protected]

We appreciate your patience during this time and apologize for any inconvenience.

View options

PDF and All Supplements

Download PDF and Supplementary Material

Full Text

View Full Text

Full Text HTML

View Full Text HTML

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share article link

Share

View full text|Download PDF