To specifically report on ataxic-hypotonic cerebral palsy (CP) using registry data and to directly compare its features with other CP subtypes.
Methods
Data on prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal characteristics and gross motor function (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS]) and comorbidities in 35 children with ataxic-hypotonic CP were extracted from the Canadian Cerebral Palsy Registry and compared with 1,804 patients with other subtypes of CP.
Results
Perinatal adversity was detected significantly more frequently in other subtypes of CP (odds ratio [OR] 4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–11.7). The gestational age at birth was higher in ataxic-hypotonic CP (median 39.0 weeks vs 37.0 weeks, p = 0.027). Children with ataxic-hypotonic CP displayed more intrauterine growth restriction (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0–6.8) and congenital malformation (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.8). MRI was more likely to be either normal (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.4–10.5) or to show a cerebral malformation (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.5–11.9) in ataxic-hypotonic CP. There was no significant difference in terms of GMFCS or the presence of comorbidities, except for more frequent communication impairment in ataxic-hypotonic CP (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.5–11.6).
Conclusions
Our results suggest a predominantly genetic or prenatal etiology for ataxic-hypotonic CP and imply that a diagnosis of ataxic-hypotonic CP does not impart a worse prognosis with respect to comorbidities or functional impairment. This study contributes toward a better understanding of ataxic-hypotonic CP as a distinct nosologic entity within the spectrum of CP with its own pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical profile, and prognosis compared with other CP subtypes.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Bolbocean C, Wintermark P, Shevell MI, Oskoui M. Perinatal regionalization and implications for long-term Health outcomes in cerebral palsy. Can J Neurol Sci 2016;43:248–253.
Frank R, Garfinkle J, Oskoui M, Shevell MI. Clinical profile of children with cerebral palsy born term compared with late- and post-term: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG 2017;124:1738–1745.
Freire G, Shevell M, Oskoui M. Cerebral palsy: phenotypes and risk factors in term singletons born small for gestational age. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2015;19:218–225.
Garfinkle J, Wintermark P, Shevell MI, Oskoui M. Cerebral palsy after neonatal encephalopathy: do neonates with suspected asphyxia have worse outcomes? Dev Med Child Neurol 2016;58:189–194.
Garfinkle J, Wintermark P, Shevell MI, Oskoui M. Children born at 32 to 35 weeks with birth asphyxia and later cerebral palsy are different from those born after 35 weeks. J Perinatol 2017;37:963–968.
Garfinkle J, Wintermark P, Shevell MI, Platt RW, Oskoui M. Cerebral palsy after neonatal encephalopathy: how much is preventable? J Pediatr 2015;167:58–63.e51.
Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, et al. A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl 2007;109:8–14.
Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe: a collaboration of cerebral palsy surveys and registers. Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE). Dev Med Child Neurol 2000;42:816–824.
Shevell MI, Dagenais L, Hall N. Comorbidities in cerebral palsy and their relationship to neurologic subtype and GMFCS level. Neurology 2009;72:2090–2096.
Parolin Schnekenberg R, Perkins EM, Miller JW, et al. De novo point mutations in patients diagnosed with ataxic cerebral palsy. Brain 2015;138:1817–1832.
Rankin J, Cans C, Garne E, et al. Congenital anomalies in children with cerebral palsy: a population-based record linkage study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2010;52:345–351.
Delacy MJ, Reid SM. Profile of associated impairments at age 5 years in Australia by cerebral palsy subtype and Gross Motor Function Classification System level for birth years 1996 to 2005. Dev Med Child Neurol 2016;58(suppl 2):50–56.
Himmelmann K, Beckung E, Hagberg G, Uvebrant P. Gross and fine motor function and accompanying impairments in cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2006;48:417–423.
Eggink H, Kremer D, Brouwer OF, et al. Spasticity, dyskinesia and ataxia in cerebral palsy: are we sure we can differentiate them? Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2017;21:703–706.
Yim SY, Yang CY, Park JH, et al. Korean database of cerebral palsy: a report on characteristics of cerebral palsy in South Korea. Ann Rehab Med 2017;41:638–649.
J.P. Levy reports no disclosures. M. Oskoui has received funding from Kids Brain Health Network, the Fonds de Recherche Sante du Québec, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, the SickKids Foundation, and the Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Foundation; serves as site PI for clinical trials in SMA funded by Ionis, Biogen, Roche, and Cytokinetics and has been reimbursed for travel related to these trials; and has received funding for travel from the American Academy of Neurology to attend their specific meetings. P. Ng reports no disclosures. J. Andersen has received honorarium and financial support for travel from Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals Canada Inc. and Allergan Canada for consultation services and educational activities. D. Buckley reports no disclosures. D. Fehlings has received funding from Kids Brain Health Network, the Ontario Brain Institute, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the Centre for Leadership at Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital. A. Kirton has received research grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and fees for expert medicolegal work. L. Koclas, N. Pigeon, E. van Rensburg, and E. Wood report no disclosures. M. Shevell has received funding by NeuroDevNet (now Kids Brain Health Network) and receives support from the Harvey Guyda Chair Fund of the Montreal Children's Hospital Foundation. Full disclosure form information provided by the authors is available with the full text of this article at Neurology.org/cp.
Take-home Points
→ Ataxic-hypotonic CP is distinct from other forms of CP.
→ In the CCPR, children with ataxic-hypotonic CP were found to have significantly less perinatal adversity and were more likely to be born at term than children with different types of CP. Children with ataxic-hypotonic CP also more commonly had IUGR or congenital malformation and had higher odds of either a normal MRI or a cerebral malformation compared with other types of CP.
→ No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of GMFCS or comorbidities, except for more communication difficulties in ataxic-hypotonic CP.
→ Our results point toward a predominantly genetic or prenatal etiology for ataxic-hypotonic CP and imply that a diagnosis of ataxic-hypotonic CP does not impart a worse prognosis with respect to comorbidities or functional impairment.
→ Moving forward, it will be essential to establish a clear unifying definition of ataxic-hypotonic CP to enable more effective research on this rare and likely underrecognized disorder.
Study Funding
This study was funded by Kids Brain Health Network.
Authors
Affiliations & Disclosures
Jake P.Levy, MDCM
Faculty of Medicine (JPL), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurosurgery (MO, MS), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (MO, PN, MS), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics (JA), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; Janeway Children's Hospital (DB), St. John's, NL; Department of Paediatrics (DF), University of Toronto, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (AK), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB; Centre de réadaptation Marie Enfant du CHU Sainte-Justine (LK), Montreal, QC; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (NP), Sherbrooke, QC; BC Children's Hospital (EvR), Vancouver, BC; and IWK Health Centre (EW), Halifax, NS, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
Faculty of Medicine (JPL), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurosurgery (MO, MS), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (MO, PN, MS), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics (JA), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; Janeway Children's Hospital (DB), St. John's, NL; Department of Paediatrics (DF), University of Toronto, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (AK), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB; Centre de réadaptation Marie Enfant du CHU Sainte-Justine (LK), Montreal, QC; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (NP), Sherbrooke, QC; BC Children's Hospital (EvR), Vancouver, BC; and IWK Health Centre (EW), Halifax, NS, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
maryam oskoui has served on a scientific advisory board for Biogen and on the data safety monitoring board for Avexis.
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
Maryam Oskoui has received travel funding from the AAN, Muscular Dystrophy Canada, Kids Brain Health Network, Biogen and Roche Pharmaceuticals.
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
Clinical trial in spinal muscular atrophy by Cytokinetics, Roche pharmaceuticals, and Biogen.
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
FRQS (Fonds de Recherche du Quebec) clinician research salary award CIHR (Canadian Institutes of health Research) operating grant
Faculty of Medicine (JPL), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurosurgery (MO, MS), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (MO, PN, MS), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics (JA), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; Janeway Children's Hospital (DB), St. John's, NL; Department of Paediatrics (DF), University of Toronto, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (AK), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB; Centre de réadaptation Marie Enfant du CHU Sainte-Justine (LK), Montreal, QC; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (NP), Sherbrooke, QC; BC Children's Hospital (EvR), Vancouver, BC; and IWK Health Centre (EW), Halifax, NS, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
Faculty of Medicine (JPL), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurosurgery (MO, MS), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (MO, PN, MS), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics (JA), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; Janeway Children's Hospital (DB), St. John's, NL; Department of Paediatrics (DF), University of Toronto, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (AK), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB; Centre de réadaptation Marie Enfant du CHU Sainte-Justine (LK), Montreal, QC; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (NP), Sherbrooke, QC; BC Children's Hospital (EvR), Vancouver, BC; and IWK Health Centre (EW), Halifax, NS, Canada.
Faculty of Medicine (JPL), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurosurgery (MO, MS), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (MO, PN, MS), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics (JA), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; Janeway Children's Hospital (DB), St. John's, NL; Department of Paediatrics (DF), University of Toronto, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (AK), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB; Centre de réadaptation Marie Enfant du CHU Sainte-Justine (LK), Montreal, QC; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (NP), Sherbrooke, QC; BC Children's Hospital (EvR), Vancouver, BC; and IWK Health Centre (EW), Halifax, NS, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
Faculty of Medicine (JPL), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurosurgery (MO, MS), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (MO, PN, MS), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics (JA), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; Janeway Children's Hospital (DB), St. John's, NL; Department of Paediatrics (DF), University of Toronto, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (AK), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB; Centre de réadaptation Marie Enfant du CHU Sainte-Justine (LK), Montreal, QC; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (NP), Sherbrooke, QC; BC Children's Hospital (EvR), Vancouver, BC; and IWK Health Centre (EW), Halifax, NS, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
- The CP Discovery Project, KBHN, Site Investigator, 2011- 2018 - Childhood CP Intergrated Neuroscience Discovery Network, OBI, PI, 2013-2018
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
Faculty of Medicine (JPL), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurosurgery (MO, MS), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (MO, PN, MS), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics (JA), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; Janeway Children's Hospital (DB), St. John's, NL; Department of Paediatrics (DF), University of Toronto, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (AK), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB; Centre de réadaptation Marie Enfant du CHU Sainte-Justine (LK), Montreal, QC; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (NP), Sherbrooke, QC; BC Children's Hospital (EvR), Vancouver, BC; and IWK Health Centre (EW), Halifax, NS, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
2016 CHILD-BRIGHT: Child Health Initiatives Limiting Disability - Brain Research Improving Growth and Health Trajectories CIHR Strategic Patient Oriented Research (SPOR) in Chronic Disease 5 years, $12,450,000 (Mar 2016-Feb 2021) PI: Majnemer A, Cohen E, Goldowitz D, Gorter J, Kirton A, Lach L, Marelli A, McGrath P, Miller SP; CI: Florence D, Gavin F, Kitch T, Major-Cook N, O'Donnell M, Thomson D 2016 Emancipation of Children with Severe Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy Using Brain-Computer Interfaces (EQUIP) Department of Pediatrics Innovation Award 1 year, $22000 CDN (Mar 2016 – Feb 2017) PI: Kirton A; CI: Burkholder L, Zewdie E, Emory C, Brunton L, Beckers K, Betuzzi C, Hodge J 2016 Enhancing Medicosurgical Skill Learning with Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation OHMES Health Science and Medical Education Research and Innovation Grant 1 year, $10000 CDN (Mar 2016- Feb 2017) PI: Kirton A, Ciechanski P; CI: Cheng A, Lopuchinsky S 2015 The Alberta Perinatal Stroke Program: Neuromodulation to Optimize Outcomes CIHR Foundations Award 7 years, $2,823,521 CDN (2015-2022) PI: Kirton A, Collaborators (23) 2015 Mind control for severe hemiparesis in children: Brain computer interface development in perinatal stroke Heart and Stroke Foundation of Alberta Seed Grant 1 year, $45000 CDN (Sep 2015 – Aug 2016) PI: Kirton A; CI: Dukelow S, Zewdie E 2014 Imaging the sensory network in children with perinatal stroke and cerebral palsy Robertson Fund for Cerebral Palsy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute 1 year, $30000 CDN (Sep 2014 – Aug 2015) PI: Kirton A, Dukelow S 2013 BDNF genetics of neuroplasticity in cerebral palsy Robertson Fund for Cerebral Palsy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute 1 year, $30000 CDN (July 2013 – June 2014) PI: Kirton A, Hill M 2013 HICCUP: Healthy Infants and Children Clinical Research Program Innovation Award, ACH Department of Pediatrics 1 year (Mar 2013-Feb 2014), $25000 PI: Kirton A; CI: Johnson D, Herpinger L, Denys J MAJOR RESEARCH FUNDING AWARDED – PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR cont 2012 The Alberta Perinatal Stroke Project Alberta Innovates Health Solutions Collaborative Research and Innovation Opportunities Project 3 years (2013-2016), $750000 PI: Kirton A; Co-leads: Yager J, Andersen J, Collaborators: Brooks B, Dukelow S, Kosior J, Hagel B, Buchhalter J, Nettel-Aguirre A, OÂGrady K, Hill MD. 2012 Enhancement of developmental motor plasticity in perinatal stroke with TDCS Heart and Stroke Foundation, 3 years (2012-2015), $270000. PI: Kirton A; CI: Hill MD, Fehlings D, Andersen J, Goodyear B, Dukelow S, Beaulieu C, Dewey D, Chen R, Majnemer A
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
Occasional medicolegal expert testimony for plaintiffs or defendants.
Faculty of Medicine (JPL), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurosurgery (MO, MS), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (MO, PN, MS), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics (JA), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; Janeway Children's Hospital (DB), St. John's, NL; Department of Paediatrics (DF), University of Toronto, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (AK), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB; Centre de réadaptation Marie Enfant du CHU Sainte-Justine (LK), Montreal, QC; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (NP), Sherbrooke, QC; BC Children's Hospital (EvR), Vancouver, BC; and IWK Health Centre (EW), Halifax, NS, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
Faculty of Medicine (JPL), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurosurgery (MO, MS), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (MO, PN, MS), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics (JA), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; Janeway Children's Hospital (DB), St. John's, NL; Department of Paediatrics (DF), University of Toronto, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (AK), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB; Centre de réadaptation Marie Enfant du CHU Sainte-Justine (LK), Montreal, QC; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (NP), Sherbrooke, QC; BC Children's Hospital (EvR), Vancouver, BC; and IWK Health Centre (EW), Halifax, NS, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
Faculty of Medicine (JPL), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurosurgery (MO, MS), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (MO, PN, MS), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics (JA), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; Janeway Children's Hospital (DB), St. John's, NL; Department of Paediatrics (DF), University of Toronto, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (AK), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB; Centre de réadaptation Marie Enfant du CHU Sainte-Justine (LK), Montreal, QC; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (NP), Sherbrooke, QC; BC Children's Hospital (EvR), Vancouver, BC; and IWK Health Centre (EW), Halifax, NS, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
Faculty of Medicine (JPL), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurosurgery (MO, MS), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (MO, PN, MS), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics (JA), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; Janeway Children's Hospital (DB), St. John's, NL; Department of Paediatrics (DF), University of Toronto, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (AK), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB; Centre de réadaptation Marie Enfant du CHU Sainte-Justine (LK), Montreal, QC; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (NP), Sherbrooke, QC; BC Children's Hospital (EvR), Vancouver, BC; and IWK Health Centre (EW), Halifax, NS, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
Faculty of Medicine (JPL), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurosurgery (MO, MS), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (MO, PN, MS), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics (JA), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; Janeway Children's Hospital (DB), St. John's, NL; Department of Paediatrics (DF), University of Toronto, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (AK), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB; Centre de réadaptation Marie Enfant du CHU Sainte-Justine (LK), Montreal, QC; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (NP), Sherbrooke, QC; BC Children's Hospital (EvR), Vancouver, BC; and IWK Health Centre (EW), Halifax, NS, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
1. Pediatric Neurology 2. Journal of Child Neurology
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
Kids Brain Health Network (grant #230493, PI from 2010- 2018)
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Harvey Guyda Chair Fund of the Montreal ChildrenÂs Hospital Foundation.
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
Funding information and disclosures are provided at the end of the article. Full disclosure form information provided by the authors is available with the full text of this article at Neurology.org/cp.
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citation information is sourced from Crossref Cited-by service.
Citations
Download Citations
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Motor phenotypes associated with genetic neurodevelopmental disorders, Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, 11, 12, (3238-3245), (2024).https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.52231
Prevalence, Clinical Features, Neuroimaging, and Genetic Findings in Children With Ataxic Cerebral Palsy in Europe, Neurology, 101, 24, (e2509-e2521), (2023)./doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000207851
Expansion of the Genotypic and Phenotypic Spectrum of WASF1-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Brain Sciences, 11, 7, (931), (2021).https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070931