Stroke incidence in young adults according to age, subtype, sex, and time trends
Abstract
Objective
To investigate incidence of stroke and its subtypes in young adults, according to sex and age, and to study trends over time.
Methods
We established a nationwide cohort through linkage of national registries (hospital discharge, cause of death, and population register) with patients aged 18–50 years and those ≥50 years with first-ever ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or unspecified stroke, using ICD-9/ICD-10 codes between 1998 and 2010 in the Netherlands. Outcomes were yearly incidence of stroke stratified by age, sex, and stroke subtype, its changes over time, and comparison of incidence in patients 18–50 years to patients ≥50 years.
Results
We identified 15,257 patients (53% women; mean age 41.8 years). Incidence increased exponentially with age (R2 = 0.99) and was higher for women than men, most prominently in the youngest patients (18–44 years). The relative proportion of ischemic stroke increased with age (18–24 years: 38.3%; 44–49 years: 56.5%), whereas the relative proportion of intracerebral hemorrhage decreased (18–24 years: 34.0%; 44–49 years: 18.3%). Incidence of any stroke in young adults increased (1998: 14.0/100,000 person-years: 2010: 17.2; +23%; p < 0.001), driven by an increase in those aged over 35 years and ischemic stroke incidence (46%), whereas incidence decreased in those ≥50 years (329.1%–292.2%; −11%; p = 0.009).
Conclusions
Incidence of any stroke in the young increases with age in patients over 35, is higher in women than men aged 18–44 years, and has increased by 23% in one decade, through an increase in ischemic stroke. Incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage is comparable for women and men and remained stable over time.
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Information & Authors
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© 2019 American Academy of Neurology.
Publication History
Received: October 5, 2018
Accepted: January 22, 2019
Published online: April 24, 2019
Published in print: May 21, 2019
Authors
Disclosure
M. Ekker and J. Verhoeven report no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. I. Vaartjes is funded by the Dutch Heart Foundation for project Facts and Figures. The Julius Center and the Dutch Heart Foundation had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. K. Nieuwenhuizen reports no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. C. Klijn is supported by a clinical established investigator grant from the Dutch Heart Foundation (2012T077) and by an ASPASIA grant from The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, ZonMw (grant number 015008048). F. de Leeuw is supported by a clinical established investigator grant from the Dutch Heart Foundation (2014 T060) and by a VIDI innovational grant from The Netherlands ZonMw (grant number 016126351). Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures.
Study Funding
No targeted funding reported.
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