AAN.com
Quick search in Citations
AnywhereCitation
Advanced Search
Trending Terms:
Article
November 12, 2020

Sex Differences in Diagnosis and Diagnostic Revision of Suspected Minor Cerebral Ischemic Events

Amy Y. X. Yu, MD, MSc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7276-9551, Michael D. Hill, MD, MSc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6269-1543, Negar Asdaghi, MD, Jean-Martin Boulanger, MD, Marie-Christine Camden, MD, Bruce C.V. Campbell, MD, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3632-9433, Andrew M. Demchuk, MD, … Show All … , Thalia S. Field, MD, MSc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1176-0633, Mayank Goyal, MD, Martin Krause, MD, Jennifer Mandzia, MD, PhD, Bijoy K. Menon, MD, MSc, Robert Mikulik, MD, Francois Moreau, MD, Andrew M. Penn, MD, Richard H. Swartz, MD, PhD, and Shelagh B. Coutts, MD, MSc https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5090-5105 for the Diagnosis of Uncertain-Origin Benign Transient Neurological Symptoms (DOUBT) Study GroupAuthors Info & Affiliations
February 2, 2021 issue
96 (5) e732-e739
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000011212
Letters to the Editor
Track CitationsAdd to favorites
Get Access

Abstract

Objective

To describe sex differences in the presentation, diagnosis, and revision of diagnosis after early brain MRI in patients who present with acute transient or minor neurologic events.

Methods

We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective multicenter cohort study of patients referred to neurology between 2010 and 2016 with a possible cerebrovascular event and evaluated with brain MRI within 8 days of symptom onset. Investigators documented the characteristics of the event, initial diagnosis, and final diagnosis. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to evaluate the association between sex and outcomes.

Results

Among 1,028 patients (51% women, median age 63 years), more women than men reported headaches and fewer reported chest pain, but there were no sex differences in other accompanying symptoms. Women were more likely than men to be initially diagnosed with stroke mimic (54% of women vs 42% of men, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–2.07), and women were overall less likely to have ischemia on MRI (10% vs 17%, OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.36–0.76). Among 496 patients initially diagnosed with mimic, women were less likely than men to have their diagnosis revised to minor stroke or TIA (13% vs 20%, OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.32–0.88) but were equally likely to have acute ischemia on MRI (5% vs 8%, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.26–1.21).

Conclusions

Stroke mimic was more frequently diagnosed in women than men, but diagnostic revisions were common in both. Early brain MRI is a useful addition to clinical evaluation in diagnosing transient or minor neurologic events.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Get Access

References

1.
Prabhakaran S, Silver AJ, Warrior L, McClenathan B, Lee VH. Misdiagnosis of transient ischemic attacks in the emergency room. Cerebrovasc Dis (Basel, Switzerland) 2008;26:630–635.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
2.
Tarnutzer AA, Lee SH, Robinson KA, Wang Z, Edlow JA, Newman-Toker DE. ED misdiagnosis of cerebrovascular events in the era of modern neuroimaging: a meta-analysis. Neurology 2017;88:1468–1477.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
3.
Rothwell PM, Giles MF, Chandratheva A, et al. Effect of urgent treatment of transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke on early recurrent stroke (EXPRESS study): a prospective population-based sequential comparison. Lancet 2007;370:1432–1442.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
4.
Coutts SB, Modi J, Patel SK, Demchuk AM, Goyal M, Hill MD. CT/CT angiography and MRI findings predict recurrent stroke after transient ischemic attack and minor stroke: results of the prospective CATCH study. Stroke 2012;43:1013–1017.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
5.
Merino JG, Luby M, Benson RT, et al. Predictors of acute stroke mimics in 8187 patients referred to a stroke service. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2013;22:e397–403.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
6.
Brazzelli M, Chappell FM, Miranda H, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging and diagnosis of transient ischemic attack. Ann Neurol 2014;75:67–76.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
7.
Albers GW, Caplan LR, Easton JD, et al. Transient ischemic attack: proposal for a new definition. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1713–1716.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
8.
van Rooij FG, Vermeer SE, Goraj BM, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging in transient neurological attacks. Ann Neurol 2015;78:1005–1010.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
9.
Coutts SB, Moreau F, Asdaghi N, et al. Rate and prognosis of brain ischemia in patients with lower-risk transient or persistent minor neurologic events. JAMA Neurol 2019;76:1439–1445.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
10.
The World Health Organization MONICA Project (monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease): a major international collaboration: WHO MONICA Project Principal Investigators. J Clin Epidemiol 1988;41:105–114.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
11.
Lavallee PC, Meseguer E, Abboud H, et al. A transient ischaemic attack clinic with round-the-clock access (SOS-TIA): feasibility and effects. Lancet Neurol 2007;6:953–960.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
12.
Bushnell C, McCullough LD, Awad IA, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in women: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2014;45:1545–1588.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
13.
Yu AYX, Penn AM, Lesperance ML, et al. Sex differences in presentation and outcome after an acute transient or minor neurologic event. JAMA Neurol 2019;76:962–968.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
14.
Gall SL, Donnan G, Dewey HM, et al. Sex differences in presentation, severity, and management of stroke in a population-based study. Neurology 2010;74:975–981.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
15.
Smith MA, Lisabeth LD, Brown DL, Morgenstern LB. Gender comparisons of diagnostic evaluation for ischemic stroke patients. Neurology 2005;65:855–858.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
16.
McNeil JJ, Nelson MR, Woods RL, et al. Effect of aspirin on all-cause mortality in the healthy elderly. N Engl J Med 2018;379:1519–1528.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
17.
Gaziano JM, Brotons C, Coppolecchia R, et al. Use of aspirin to reduce risk of initial vascular events in patients at moderate risk of cardiovascular disease (ARRIVE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2018;392:1036–1046.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Neurology®
Volume 96 • Number 5 • February 2, 2021
Pages: e732-e739
PubMed: 33184228

Copyright

© 2020 American Academy of Neurology.

Publication History

Received: December 12, 2019
Accepted: September 21, 2020
Published online: November 12, 2020
Published in print: February 2, 2021

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Disclosure

Dr. Yu reported receiving grants from the Canadian Institute of Health Research and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. Dr. Hill reported receiving grants from Medtronic, Boehringer Ingelheim, and NoNO Inc. Dr. Boulanger reported receiving conference travel support from Pfizer. Dr. Camden reported receiving conference travel support from the University of Calgary. Dr. Demchuk reported receiving grants from the University of Calgary and receiving personal fees from Medtronic, Pfizer/Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Bayer. Dr. Field reported receiving grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and in-kind study medication from Bayer Canada. Dr. Goyal reported receiving grants from Stryker; receiving personal fees from Medtronic, Stryker, and Microvention; and holding a licensing agreement with GE Healthcare on “Systems of Acute Stroke Diagnosis.” Dr. Mikulik reported grants from Project No. LQ1605. Dr. Moreau reported receiving grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Canadian Stroke Consortium. Dr. Coutts reported receiving grants from the Canadian Institute of Health Research, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, Genome Canada, and Boehringer Ingelheim. Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures.

Study Funding

The study was funded by a grant from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research.

Authors

Affiliations & Disclosures

Amy Y. X. Yu, MD, MSc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7276-9551
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
(1) Stroke: A Journal of Cerebral Circulation, Editorial Board Member, 2020
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
(1) Canadian Institutes of Health Research, (2) Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, (3) Academic Health Sciences Centres of Ontario
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Michael D. Hill, MD, MSc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6269-1543
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
Columbus Registry Steering Committee (Boehringer- Ingelheim) - 2018-2019 Tenecteplase Advisory Board - Boehringer Ingehelheim 2019- present SHINE study DSMB - ended 2019 BRAIN-AF study DSMB - ongoing ARTESIA study DSMB - ongoing RACECAT study DSMB - chair - ended 2020
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
Editorial board - Stroke (ongoing), Can J Neurological, Sciences (ongoing), International Journal of Stroke (Associate Editor - ended Sep 2020), Associate Editor - International Journal of Stroke (2017 - Oct 2020)
Patents:
1.
Patent granted. 62/086,077 Systems and Methods for Assisting in Decision-Making and Triaging for Acute Stroke Patients
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
Canadian Stroke Consortium - Director - ongoing [Not-for- profit sector, volunteer] Canadian Neuroscience Federation - 2012-2020 Board of Directors [Not-for-profit sector, volunteer] Circle NVI - 2019-onwards - Board of Directors
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
SUN Pharma - adjudication committee for clinical trials outcomes. Paid work. [Commercial sector]
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
Grant funding from industry - Hoffmann-La Roche Canada 2004 & 2009, Bayer Canada 2007, Merck Canada 2003-2007, Covidien(Medtronic) 2013-2017, Boehringer- Ingelheim 2016-present, Stryker 2017-present, NoNO Inc 2019- present
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NIH (NINDS) (2001-ongoing) CIHR (1999-ongoing) (Public funding sector) Alberta Innovates Health Solutions 2014-ongouing (Public funding sector)
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Heart & Stroke Foundation Alberta (1999-ongoing) [Charitable funding sector] Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials: Pure Web (private company - hold stock).
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Negar Asdaghi, MD
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
Stroke, Editorial board, 1 year
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Jean-Martin Boulanger, MD
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Marie-Christine Camden, MD
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
(1) Pharmaceutical Company (BMS) for Speaker honoraria
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Bruce C.V. Campbell, MD, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3632-9433
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
Stroke, editorial board member, 2014- International Journal of Stroke, editorial board member, 2017- Frontiers in Neurology, associate editor, 2017- Neurology, editorial board member, 2018- Annals of Neurology, editorial board member, 2020-
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia GNT1174514 2020-2024 GNT1113352 2017-2021
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Andrew M. Demchuk, MD
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
(1) Bayer, advisory board for Rivaroxaban, 2015-2019 (2) Pfizer/BMS, advisory board for Apixaban, 2014-2019
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
(1) Journal of Neuroimaging, member of editorial board, 2005 to present. (2) Stroke, member of editorial board, 2009 to 2014. (3) Int J Stroke, member of editorial board, 2010 to present.
Patents:
1.
Circle NVI: stroke imaging software
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
Consultant, Portola
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
(1) Pfizer/BMS, honoraria for speaking engagements, 2012 to present. (2) Covidien/Medtronic honoraria for speaking engagements, 2012 to 2019.
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
(1) Cerenovus/JnJ, received research grant for ENDOLOW trial, (2018)
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
(1) NIH-NINDS SPOTRIAS, received funding as principal investigator of CT volume analysis in STOP-IT trial. 2010 to 2019. (2) CIHR, received funding as principal investigator of CT volume analysis in SPOTLIGHT trial. 2011 to present. (4) CIHR, received funding as principal investigator of INTERRSeCT trial. 2012 to present. Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials: (1) I own Calgary Scientific, Inc. shares purchased in 2009 and 2010. (2) I own Quikflo Health shares 2015-2018. (3) I own Circle NVI shares 2020.
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Thalia S. Field, MD, MSc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1176-0633
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
Expert witness - Canadian Medical Protective Association
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
(1)Bayer Canada (in-kind study medication)
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
(1) Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant funding)
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
(1) Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute Mentored Clinician-Scientist award (salary support)
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
(1)Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (grant funding and National New Investigator Award) (2)Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research (Health Professional Investigator Award)
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Mayank Goyal, MD
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
None
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
None
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
Commercial: Holds a patent on systems and methods for diagnosing strokes (PCT/ CA2013/000761) licensed to GE Healthcare. Received royalties.
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
Commercial: Medtronic, Stryker, Microvention, Cerenovus, Mentice: Advice and education on Acute stroke
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
Medtronic: funding provided to University of Calgary for the HERMES collaboration through an unrestricted research grant.Stryker: funding provided to University of Calgary for the UNMASK-EVT study through an unrestricted research grant.NoNO Inc: funding provided to University of Calgary for ESCAPE NA1 trial through an unrestricted research grant.
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
None
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
Holds a patent on systems and methods for diagnosing strokes (PCT/ CA2013/000761) licensed to GE Healthcare.
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Martin Krause, MD
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Jennifer Mandzia, MD, PhD
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Bijoy K. Menon, MD, MSc
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
Assistant Editor, Stroke
Patents:
1.
A patent for triaging systems in ischemic stroke
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
Dr. Menon BK reports membership of the Steering and Executive Committee, ESCAPE trial that received support from Covidien Inc., Site Principal Investigator, SOCRATES Trial, sponsored by Astra Zeneca. Board Membership Circle NVI.
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
1. Commercial Entity (Circle NVI).
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Research funding from 1) Canadian Institute of Health Research, 2) Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, 3) Alberta Innovates Health Solutions, 4) Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the 5) Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials: 1) Commercial Entity Circle NVI.
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Robert Mikulik, MD
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
None
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
None
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
Robert Mikulik has received research support from the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports (project no. LQ1605 from the National Program of Sustainability II).
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
None
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Francois Moreau, MD
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Canadian Stroke Consortium
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Andrew M. Penn, MD
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Richard H. Swartz, MD, PhD
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
Grant and personnel funding from Heart and Stroke, Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR), Ontario Brain Institute, Department of Medicine at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto.
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Shelagh B. Coutts, MD, MSc https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5090-5105
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
Hoffman Le Roche provided study drug for TEMPO-1
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
Heart & Stroke Foundation of Alberta and Nunavut- partially funded TEMPO-1 Alberta Innovates -partially funded TEMPO-1 Genome Canada - funded SPECTRA study Heart and Stroke foundation of Canada - funded the TEMPO-2 study. Canadian Institute of Health Research - bridge funding awarded for TEMPO-2 Canadian Institute of Health Research - funding for TEMPO-2
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
for the Diagnosis of Uncertain-Origin Benign Transient Neurological Symptoms (DOUBT) Study Group
From the Department of Medicine (Neurology) (A.Y.X.Y., R.H.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.H., A.M.D., M.G., B.K.M., S.B.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (N.A.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (J.-M.B.), Sherbrooke University, Longueil; Department of Neurosciences (M.-C.C.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Vancouver Stroke Program (T.S.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Northern Clinical School (M.K.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.M.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Neurological Department (R.M.), St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine (F.M.), Neurology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec; and Division of Neurology (A.M.P.), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
View all articles by this author

Notes

Correspondence Dr. Yu [email protected]
Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.
Diagnosis of Uncertain-Origin Benign Transient Neurological Symptoms (DOUBT) Study Group coinvestigators are listed at links.lww.com/WNL/B274.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download Citations

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited By
    • Kirsten Grossmann,
    • Martin Risch,
    • Andjela Markovic,
    • Stefanie Aeschbacher,
    • Ornella C. Weideli,
    • Laura Velez,
    • Marc Kovac,
    • Fiona Pereira,
    • Nadia Wohlwend,
    • Corina Risch,
    • Dorothea Hillmann,
    • Thomas Lung,
    • Harald Renz,
    • Raphael Twerenbold,
    • Martina Rothenbühler,
    • Daniel Leibovitz,
    • Vladimir Kovacevic,
    • Paul Klaver,
    • Timo B. Brakenhoff,
    • Billy Franks,
    • Marianna Mitratza,
    • George S. Downward,
    • Ariel Dowling,
    • Santiago Montes,
    • Duco Veen,
    • Diederick E. Grobbee,
    • Maureen Cronin,
    • David Conen,
    • Brianna M. Goodale,
    • Lorenz Risch,
    Sex-specific differences in physiological parameters related to SARS-CoV-2 infections among a national cohort (COVI-GAPP study), PLOS ONE, 19, 3, (e0292203), (2024).https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292203
    Crossref
    • Huanwen Chen,
    • Mihir Khunte,
    • Marco Colasurdo,
    • Seemant Chaturvedi,
    • Ajay Malhotra,
    • Dheeraj Gandhi,
    Mediators of sex-specific differences in rates of stroke mimics among patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis: a nationwide analysis of 174,995 patients, Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, (108021), (2024).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.108021
    Crossref
    • Irene de Boer,
    • Jakob M. Hansen,
    • Gisela M. Terwindt,
    Hemiplegic migraine, Migraine Management, (353-365), (2024).https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-823357-3.00015-X
    Crossref
    • Johanna Ospel,
    • Nishita Singh,
    • Aravind Ganesh,
    • Mayank Goyal,
    Sex and Gender Differences in Stroke and Their Practical Implications in Acute Care, Journal of Stroke, 25, 1, (16-25), (2023).https://doi.org/10.5853/jos.2022.04077
    Crossref
    • Cheryl D. Bushnell,
    • Moira K. Kapral,
    Stroke in Women and Unique Risk Factors, Stroke, 54, 2, (587-590), (2023).https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.041734
    Crossref
    • Miguel A. Cortel-LeBlanc,
    • Serena L. Orr,
    • Maeghan Dunn,
    • Daniel James,
    • Achelle Cortel-LeBlanc,
    Managing and Preventing Migraine in the Emergency Department: A Review, Annals of Emergency Medicine, 82, 6, (732-751), (2023).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.05.024
    Crossref
    • Amy Y. X. Yu,
    • Tracy E. Madsen,
    • Moira K. Kapral,
    Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke in Women, Biology of Women’s Heart Health, (9-20), (2023).https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39928-2_2
    Crossref
    • Sonia K. Singh,
    • Louise McCullough,
    Sex Differences in the Evaluation and Treatment of Stroke, Sex and Gender Effects in Pharmacology, (77-106), (2023).https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2023_682
    Crossref
    • Charles C Southey,
    • Jonathan Birns,
    • Peter Sommerville,
    • Ajay Bhalla,
    Transient unilateral weakness: is it a transient ischaemic attack?, British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 83, 11, (1-7), (2022).https://doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2022.0414
    Crossref
    • Kathryn M. Rexrode,
    • Tracy E. Madsen,
    • Amy Y.X. Yu,
    • Cheryl Carcel,
    • Judith H. Lichtman,
    • Eliza C. Miller,
    The Impact of Sex and Gender on Stroke, Circulation Research, 130, 4, (512-528), (2022).https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319915
    Crossref
  11. See more

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Personal login Institutional Login
Purchase Options

The neurology.org payment platform is currently offline. Our technical team is working as quickly as possible to restore service.

If you need immediate support or to place an order, please call or email customer service:

  • 1-800-638-3030 for U.S. customers - 8:30 - 7 pm ET (M-F)
  • 1-301-223-2300 for customers outside the U.S. - 8:30 - 7 pm ET (M-F)
  • [email protected]

We appreciate your patience during this time and apologize for any inconvenience.

View options

PDF and All Supplements

Download PDF and Supplementary Material

Short Form

View Short Form

Full Text

View Full Text

Full Text HTML

View Full Text HTML

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share article link

Share

View full text|Download PDF