AAN.com
Quick search in Citations
AnywhereCitation
Advanced Search
Trending Terms:
Article
February 24, 2021

Olfactory Testing in Parkinson Disease and REM Behavior Disorder
A Machine Learning Approach

Christine Lo, DPhil, MRCP https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5671-3881, Siddharth Arora, BTech, DPhil, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, PhD, MRCP https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6648-3007, Thomas R. Barber, DPhil, MRCP https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-9677, Michael Lawton, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3419-0354, Johannes C. Klein, MD, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-2801, Sofia Kanavou, MSc, Annette Janzen, MD, Elisabeth Sittig, SN, Wolfgang H. Oertel, MD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7582-8166, Donald G. Grosset, MD, and Michele T. Hu, PhD, FRCP https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6382-5841Authors Info & Affiliations
April 13, 2021 issue
96 (15) e2016-e2027
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000011743
Letters to the Editor
Track CitationsAdd to favorites
Get Access

Abstract

Objective

We sought to identify an abbreviated test of impaired olfaction amenable for use in busy clinical environments in prodromal (isolated REM sleep behavior disorder [iRBD]) and manifest Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods

Eight hundred ninety individuals with PD and 313 controls in the Discovery cohort study underwent Sniffin’ Stick odor identification assessment. Random forests were initially trained to distinguish individuals with poor (functional anosmia/hyposmia) and good (normosmia/super-smeller) smell ability using all 16 Sniffin’ Sticks. Models were retrained using the top 3 sticks ranked by order of predictor importance. One randomly selected 3-stick model was tested in a second independent PD dataset (n = 452) and in 2 iRBD datasets (Discovery n = 241, Marburg n = 37) before being compared to previously described abbreviated Sniffin’ Stick combinations.

Results

In differentiating poor from good smell ability, the overall area under the curve (AUC) value associated with the top 3 sticks (anise/licorice/banana) was 0.95 in the Development dataset (sensitivity 90%, specificity 92%, positive predictive value 92%, negative predictive value 90%). Internal and external validation confirmed AUCs ≥0.90. The combination of the 3-stick model determined poor smell, and an RBD screening questionnaire score of ≥5 separated those with iRBD from controls with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 65%, 100%, 100%, and 30%.

Conclusions

Our 3-Sniffin’-Stick model holds potential utility as a brief screening test in the stratification of individuals with PD and iRBD according to olfactory dysfunction.

Classification of Evidence

This study provides Class III evidence that a 3-Sniffin’-Stick model distinguishes individuals with poor and good smell ability and can be used to screen for individuals with iRBD.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Get Access

References

1.
Doty RL. Olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2012;8:329–339.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
2.
Baig F, Lawton M, Rolinski M, et al. Delineating nonmotor symptoms in early Parkinson's disease and first-degree relatives. Mov Disord 2015;30:1759–1766.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
3.
Morley JF, Cheng G, Dubroff JG, Wood S, Wilkinson JR, Duda JE. Olfactory impairment predicts underlying dopaminergic deficit in presumed drug-induced parkinsonism. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2017;4:603–606.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
4.
Yang HJ, Kim YE, Yun JY, Ehm G, Kim HJ, Jeon BS. Comparison of sleep and other non-motor symptoms between SWEDDs patients and de novo Parkinson's disease patients. Parkinson Relat Disord 2014;20:1419–1422.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
5.
Domellof ME, Lundin KF, Edstrom M, Forsgren L. Olfactory dysfunction and dementia in newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinson Relat Disord 2017;38:41–47.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
6.
Fullard ME, Tran B, Xie SX, et al. Olfactory impairment predicts cognitive decline in early Parkinson's disease. Parkinson Relat Disord 2016;25:45–51.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
7.
Schrag A, Siddiqui UF, Anastasiou Z, Weintraub D, Schott JM. Clinical variables and biomarkers in prediction of cognitive impairment in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease: a cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2017;16:66–75.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
8.
Ham JH, Lee JJ, Sunwoo MK, Hong JY, Sohn YH, Lee PH. Effect of olfactory impairment and white matter hyperintensities on cognition in Parkinson's disease. Parkinson Relat Disord 2016;24:95–99.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
9.
Gjerde KV, Muller B, Skeie GO, Assmus J, Alves G, Tysnes OB. Hyposmia in a simple smell test is associated with accelerated cognitive decline in early Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand 2018;138:508–514.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
10.
Kang SH, Lee HM, Seo WK, Kim JH, Koh SB. The combined effect of REM sleep behavior disorder and hyposmia on cognition and motor phenotype in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2016;368:374–378.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
11.
Heinzel S, Berg D, Gasser T, Chen H, Yao C, Postuma RB. Update of the MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2019;34:1464–1470.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
12.
Postuma RB, Iranzo A, Hu M, et al. Risk and predictors of dementia and parkinsonism in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder: a multicentre study. Brain 2019;142:744–759.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
13.
Postuma RB, Gagnon JF, Bertrand JA, Genier Marchand D, Montplaisir JY. Parkinson risk in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder: preparing for neuroprotective trials. Neurology 2015;84:1104–1113.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
14.
Shill HA, Hentz JG, Caviness JN, et al. Unawareness of hyposmia in elderly people with and without Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2016;3:43–47.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
15.
Hummel T, Sekinger B, Wolf SR, Pauli E, Kobal G. ‘Sniffin' Sticks': olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold. Chem Senses 1997;22:39–52.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
16.
Doty RL, Shaman P, Kimmelman CP, Dann MS. University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a rapid quantitative olfactory function test for the clinic. Laryngoscope 1984;94:176–178.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
17.
Haehner A, Mayer AM, Landis BN, et al. High test-retest reliability of the extended version of the “Sniffin' Sticks” test. Chem Senses 2009;34:705–711.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
18.
Hummel T, Konnerth CG, Rosenheim K, Kobal G. Screening of olfactory function with a four-minute odor identification test: reliability, normative data, and investigations in patients with olfactory loss. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2001;110:976–981.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
19.
Lawton M, Hu MT, Baig F, et al. Equating scores of the university of Pennsylvania smell identification test and Sniffin' Sticks test in patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016;33:96–101.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
20.
Boesveldt S, Verbaan D, Knol DL, van Hilten JJ, Berendse HW. Odour identification and discrimination in Dutch adults over 45 years. Rhinology 2008;46:131–136.
PubMed
Google Scholar
21.
Morley JF, Cohen A, Silveira-Moriyama L, et al. Optimizing olfactory testing for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: item analysis of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. NPJ Parkinson's Dis 2018;4:2.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
22.
Crespo Cuevas AM, Ispierto L, Vilas D, et al. Distinctive olfactory pattern in Parkinson's disease and non-neurodegenerative causes of hyposmia. Neurodegener Dis 2018;18:143–149.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
23.
Huang SF, Chen K, Wu JJ, et al. Odor identification test in idiopathic REM-behavior disorder and Parkinson's disease in China. PLoS One 2016;11:e0160199.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
24.
Mahlknecht P, Pechlaner R, Boesveldt S, et al. Optimizing odor identification testing as quick and accurate diagnostic tool for Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2016;31:1408–1413.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
25.
Mueller C, Renner B. A new procedure for the short screening of olfactory function using five items from the “Sniffin' Sticks” identification test kit. Am J Rhinol 2006;20:113–116.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
26.
Casjens S, Eckert A, Woitalla D, et al. Diagnostic value of the impairment of olfaction in Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2013;8:e64735.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
27.
Hummel T, Pfetzing U, Lotsch J. A short olfactory test based on the identification of three odors. J Neurol 2010;257:1316–1321.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
28.
Campabadal A, Segura B, Junque C, et al. Comparing the accuracy and neuroanatomical correlates of the UPSIT-40 and the Sniffin' Sticks test in REM sleep behavior disorder. Parkinson Relat Disord 2019;65:197–202.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
29.
Boesveldt S, Verbaan D, Knol DL, et al. A comparative study of odor identification and odor discrimination deficits in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2008;23:1984–1990.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
30.
Miyamoto T, Miyamoto M, Iwanami M, Hirata K. Olfactory dysfunction in Japanese patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder: comparison of data using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and Odor Stick Identification Test for Japanese. Mov Disord 2010;25:1524–1526.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
31.
Miyamoto T, Miyamoto M, Iwanami M, et al. Olfactory dysfunction in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep Med 2010;11:458–461.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
32.
Krismer F, Pinter B, Mueller C, et al. Sniffing the diagnosis: olfactory testing in neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Parkinsoni Relat Disord 2017;35:36–41.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
33.
Stiasny-Kolster K, Mayer G, Schafer S, Moller JC, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Oertel WH. The REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire: a new diagnostic instrument. Mov Disord 2007;22:2386–2393.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
34.
Barber TR, Lawton M, Rolinski M, et al. Prodromal parkinsonism and neurodegenerative risk stratification in REM sleep behaviour disorder. Sleep 2017.
Crossref
Google Scholar
35.
Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, Lees AJ. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:181–184.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
36.
Lawton M, Ben-Shlomo Y, May MT, et al. Developing and validating Parkinson's disease subtypes and their motor and cognitive progression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018;89:1279–1287.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
37.
Swallow DM, Lawton MA, Grosset KA, et al. Statins are underused in recent-onset Parkinson's disease with increased vascular risk: findings from the UK Tracking Parkinson's and Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC) discovery cohorts. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016;87:1183–1190.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
38.
International Classification of Sleep Disorders. Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2014.
Google Scholar
39.
Oleszkiewicz A, Schriever VA, Croy I, Hahner A, Hummel T. Updated Sniffin' Sticks normative data based on an extended sample of 9139 subjects. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019;276:719–728.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
40.
Kobal G, Klimek L, Wolfensberger M, et al. Multicenter investigation of 1,036 subjects using a standardized method for the assessment of olfactory function combining tests of odor identification, odor discrimination, and olfactory thresholds. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2000;257:205–211.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
41.
Chawla NV, Japkowicz N, Kotcz A. Editorial: special issue on learning from imbalanced data sets. SIGKDD Explor Newsl 2004;6:1–6.
Crossref
Google Scholar
42.
Drummond C, Holte R. C4.5, class imbalance, and cost sensitivity: why under-sampling beats oversampling. In: Proceedings of the ICML'03 Workshop on Learning from Imbalanced Datasets. Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2003.
Google Scholar
43.
Breiman L. Random forests. Machine Learn 2001;45:5–32.
Crossref
Google Scholar
44.
Haba-Rubio J, Frauscher B, Marques-Vidal P, et al. Prevalence and determinants of REM sleep behavior disorder in the general population. Sleep 2018;41:zsx197.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
45.
Baig F, Kelly MJ, Lawton MA, et al. Impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease and RBD: a longitudinal study of severity. Neurology 2019;93:e675–e687.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
46.
Baig F, Lawton MA, Rolinski M, et al. Personality and addictive behaviours in early Parkinson's disease and REM sleep behaviour disorder. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017;37:72–78.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
47.
Rolinski M, Zokaei N, Baig F, et al. Visual short-term memory deficits in REM sleep behaviour disorder mirror those in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2016;139:47–53.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
48.
Szewczyk-Krolikowski K, Tomlinson P, Nithi K, et al. The influence of age and gender on motor and non-motor features of early Parkinson's disease: initial findings from the Oxford Parkinson Disease Center (OPDC) discovery cohort. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014;20:99–105.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
49.
Li K, Li SH, Su W, Chen HB. Diagnostic accuracy of REM sleep behaviour disorder screening questionnaire: a meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2017;38:1039–1046.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
50.
Goetz CG, Stebbins GT, Tilley BC. Calibration of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores to Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores. Mov Disord 2012;27:1239–1242.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Neurology®
Volume 96 • Number 15 • April 13, 2021
Pages: e2016-e2027
PubMed: 33627500

Copyright

© 2021 American Academy of Neurology.

Publication History

Received: April 15, 2020
Accepted: January 15, 2021
Published online: February 24, 2021
Published in print: April 13, 2021

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Disclosure

Dr. Lo was funded by the Oxford NIHR BRC. Dr. Lo and Dr. Arora are coapplicants on a patent application related to smartphone predictions in PD (PCT/GB2019/052522) pending. Dr. Ben-Shlomo is Higher Education Funding Council for England funded and receives research support from the NIHR, MRC, and Gatsby Foundation. Dr. Barber was funded by a Wellcome Trust Doctoral Training Fellowship. Mr. Lawton was funded by Parkinson's UK through the Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre. Dr. Klein acknowledges support from the NIHR Oxford Health Clinical Research Facility. Sofia Kanavou, Dr. Janzen, and Elisabeth Sittig report no disclosures. Dr. Oertel has served as a consultant on advisory boards or as a speaker at scientific symposia for Adamas, Bial Pharma, Desitin, Eisai, Roche, and UCB Pharma. He is supported by the Charitable Hertie Foundation and has received funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Michael J. Fox Foundation, and the Parkinson Fonds Deutschland. Dr. Grosset has received honoraria from UCB Pharma, Acorda, and BIAL Pharma. Dr. Grosset serves as a consultant for GE Healthcare and Merz Pharma and reports funding from Michael's Movers, Parkinson's France, and Parkinson's UK. Dr. Hu has received funding and support from Parkinson's UK, Oxford NIHR BRC, University of Oxford, NIHR, Lab10X, Michael J. Fox Foundation, H2020 European Union, GE Healthcare, and the PSP Association. She also received payment for Advisory Board attendance/consultancy for Biogen, Roche, CuraSen Therapeutics, Evidera, and Manus Neurodynamica. Dr. Hu is a coapplicant on a patent application related to smartphone predictions in PD (PCT/GB2019/052522) pending. Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures.

Study Funding

This study was funded by the Monument Trust Discovery Award from Parkinson's UK (J-1403) and supported by the Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health.

Authors

Affiliations & Disclosures

Christine Lo, DPhil, MRCP https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5671-3881
From the Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (C.L., S.A., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.L., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), and Saïd Business School (S.A.), University of Oxford; Population Health Sciences (Y.B.-S., M.L., S.K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Neurology (A.J., E.S., W.H.O.), Philipps University Marburg; Institute for Neurogenomics (W.H.O.), München Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, Neuherberg München, Germany; and Institute of Neurological Sciences (D.G.G.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
Movement Disorders Society Travel grant to attend the Movement Disorders Society Congress in Hong Kong in October 2018
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
Co-applicant on a patent application related to using smartphone tests of motor function to predict clinical outcomes in Parkinson’s (PCT/GB2019/052522) pending.
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
Salary funded by the National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical research centre. Employed as clinical research fellow from July 2017 to present.
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Siddharth Arora, BTech, DPhil
From the Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (C.L., S.A., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.L., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), and Saïd Business School (S.A.), University of Oxford; Population Health Sciences (Y.B.-S., M.L., S.K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Neurology (A.J., E.S., W.H.O.), Philipps University Marburg; Institute for Neurogenomics (W.H.O.), München Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, Neuherberg München, Germany; and Institute of Neurological Sciences (D.G.G.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Parkinson's UK
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Yoav Ben-Shlomo, PhD, MRCP https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6648-3007
From the Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (C.L., S.A., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.L., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), and Saïd Business School (S.A.), University of Oxford; Population Health Sciences (Y.B.-S., M.L., S.K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Neurology (A.J., E.S., W.H.O.), Philipps University Marburg; Institute for Neurogenomics (W.H.O.), München Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, Neuherberg München, Germany; and Institute of Neurological Sciences (D.G.G.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
1. Chair of TSC for the REACT trial (non-profit entity) 2. Member of TSC for the AIM HY INFORM study (non-profit entity) 3. Member of TSC for the SIMPLIFIED RCT(non-profit entity)
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
(1) Recieve payment for a teaching session on the Birmingham Movement Disorders course on the epidemiology of PD (non-profit entity)
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
Co-edit a book called
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
(1) Hong Kong General Research Fund (GRF) Early Career Scheme (ECS) Employment Conditions and Health among Female Foreign Domestic Workers in Hong Kong. A Cross- sectional Quantitative Survey. Research Grants Council (RGC) 24614518; 01/01/2019 – 31/12/2020; $889,984 (HKD). PI: Roger Yat-Nork Chung, Co-I: Yoav Ben-Shlomo; Sabu Padmadas; Eric Fong; Tim Liao; Petula Sik Ying Ho (2) NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme Henderson E, Ben-Shlomo Y, Hollingworth W, Metcalfe C, Steeds D, Whone A. A phase III trial of Rivastigmine to prevent falls in Parkinson's Disease: CHIEF PD (CHolinesterase Inhibitor to prEvent Falls in Parkinson’s Disease). Total award £2,545,636.88 Duration 51 months starting 01/01/2019 (3) MRC Dementia Momentum award Ben-Shlomo Y, Coulthard EJ, Craddock I, Newson M, Santos- Rodriguez R. ContinUous behavioUral Biomarkers Of cognitive Impairment (CUBOId) £817,000 over 36 months (01/04/2017-01/04/2020). (4) NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme Caskey F, Chilcot J, Ben-Shlomo Y, Salisbury C, Abbott D, Coast J, Donovan J, Burns A, Murphy E, Murtagh F, Huxtable R, Davies SJ, Rayner H, Farrington K, Rooshenas L, Roderick P, MacNeil S, Gibson A, Lane A. The Prepare Multi-Morbid Older People for End-stage Kidney Disease Trial (PrepareME) £2,818,119.12 01/01/2017 to 31/12/2021 (60 months) (5) NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme Caskey F, MacNeil S, May M, Lane A, Hollingworth W, Ben- Shlomo Y, Donovan J, Rooshenas L, Abbott D, Farrington K, Davenport A, Wheeler D, Power A, Mitra S. The High-volume Haemodiafiltration vs High-flux Haemodialysis Registry Trial (H4RT) £1,738,553.78 01/01/2017 to 31/12/2021 (6) NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme Rai D, Ben-Shlomo Y, Davies N, Evans J, Gunnell D, Jackson R, Martin R, Morris R. Antidepressant use during pregnancy: assessing benefits to mothers and long-term neurodevelopmental risks to children using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. £301,424 Nov 2016 – Nov 2018.
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
(1) Parkinson’s UK Tracking Parkinson’s: The long term development and analysis of the Parkinson’s repository of biomarkers and networked datasets Award amount £1,517,866.25 (48 months) Applicants: Grossett D, Bajaj N, Barker RA, Ben-Shlomo Y, Burn D, Foltynie T, Morris H, Williams N, Wood N. Start date Nov 2016-Nov 2020 (2) The Alberta Centre for Child Family and Community Research Relationship between lifestyle behaviours, social determinants of health, and mental health in Canadian immigrants across the life span. $40,000 over 12 months (01/03/2016 to 01/03/2017) Applicants Bukola Salami (PI); Kathleen Hegadoren (Co- PI); Leonelo Bautista; Esperanza Diaz; Anu Rammohan; Yoav Ben-Shlomo; Salima Meherali; Yvonne Chiu; Christina Nsaliwa; (3) Kidney Research UK Bailey P, Caskey F, Ben-Shlomo Y, MacNeill S. What factors explain the association between socioeconomic deprivation and a reduced likelihood of live-donor kidney transplantation? A questionnaire based case-control study (2017; £43,855 over 1 year) (4) Gatsby Foundation: Henderson E, Ben-Shlomo Y, Hollingworth W, Metcalfe C, McCarthy E. Proactive and Integrated Management and Empowerment in Parkinson’s Disease (PRIME-PD). €3,220,000 (£2,869,000) Duration eight years starting 1st Jan 2019
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Thomas R. Barber, DPhil, MRCP https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-9677
From the Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (C.L., S.A., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.L., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), and Saïd Business School (S.A.), University of Oxford; Population Health Sciences (Y.B.-S., M.L., S.K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Neurology (A.J., E.S., W.H.O.), Philipps University Marburg; Institute for Neurogenomics (W.H.O.), München Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, Neuherberg München, Germany; and Institute of Neurological Sciences (D.G.G.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
The Wellcome Trust
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Michael Lawton, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3419-0354
From the Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (C.L., S.A., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.L., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), and Saïd Business School (S.A.), University of Oxford; Population Health Sciences (Y.B.-S., M.L., S.K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Neurology (A.J., E.S., W.H.O.), Philipps University Marburg; Institute for Neurogenomics (W.H.O.), München Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, Neuherberg München, Germany; and Institute of Neurological Sciences (D.G.G.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
(1) Parkinson's UK fund the study I work on and in effect pay my salary Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials: (1) Risk Based Approach Ltd., 2017-2020
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Johannes C. Klein, MD, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-2801
From the Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (C.L., S.A., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.L., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), and Saïd Business School (S.A.), University of Oxford; Population Health Sciences (Y.B.-S., M.L., S.K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Neurology (A.J., E.S., W.H.O.), Philipps University Marburg; Institute for Neurogenomics (W.H.O.), München Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, Neuherberg München, Germany; and Institute of Neurological Sciences (D.G.G.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
Dr Klein has received royalties for the book Diseases of the Spinal Cord: Novel Imaging, Diagnosis and Treatment, Springer 2015.
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
J.C.K. is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Health Clinical Research Facility.
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Sofia Kanavou, MSc
From the Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (C.L., S.A., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.L., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), and Saïd Business School (S.A.), University of Oxford; Population Health Sciences (Y.B.-S., M.L., S.K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Neurology (A.J., E.S., W.H.O.), Philipps University Marburg; Institute for Neurogenomics (W.H.O.), München Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, Neuherberg München, Germany; and Institute of Neurological Sciences (D.G.G.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Annette Janzen, MD
From the Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (C.L., S.A., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.L., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), and Saïd Business School (S.A.), University of Oxford; Population Health Sciences (Y.B.-S., M.L., S.K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Neurology (A.J., E.S., W.H.O.), Philipps University Marburg; Institute for Neurogenomics (W.H.O.), München Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, Neuherberg München, Germany; and Institute of Neurological Sciences (D.G.G.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
My husband: grant of the German Research Foundation (DFG)(no relationship to the published study)
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Grant of the Parkinsonfonds Germany, Unter den Linden 10, 10117 Berlin, Germany (no relationship to the published study)
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Elisabeth Sittig, SN
From the Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (C.L., S.A., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.L., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), and Saïd Business School (S.A.), University of Oxford; Population Health Sciences (Y.B.-S., M.L., S.K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Neurology (A.J., E.S., W.H.O.), Philipps University Marburg; Institute for Neurogenomics (W.H.O.), München Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, Neuherberg München, Germany; and Institute of Neurological Sciences (D.G.G.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Wolfgang H. Oertel, MD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7582-8166
From the Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (C.L., S.A., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.L., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), and Saïd Business School (S.A.), University of Oxford; Population Health Sciences (Y.B.-S., M.L., S.K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Neurology (A.J., E.S., W.H.O.), Philipps University Marburg; Institute for Neurogenomics (W.H.O.), München Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, Neuherberg München, Germany; and Institute of Neurological Sciences (D.G.G.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
(1) Adamas (2) Roche (3) UCB (4) Modag
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
(1) Desitin (2) Bial (3) Abbvie (4) Roche
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
(1) Adamas (2) Modag
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
My research team: Hoffmann La Roche: experimental neuroscience (development of a prodromal PD model in mice)
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
International Research Training Graduate School Canada Germany (German Research Foundation) for
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
(1) Michael J Fox Foundation, USA (2) Stichting Parkinson Foundation, The Netherland (3) ParkinsonFonds Deutschland, Germany (4) WH Oertel is Hertie Senior Research Professor supported by the Charitable Hertie Foundation, Frankfurt, Germany Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials: (1) Biogen since 2014 (2) Medigene since 2009 (3) Merck Darmstadt since 2010 (4) Morphosys since 2018 (5) Roche since 1998 (6) Biontech since 2020
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Donald G. Grosset, MD
From the Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (C.L., S.A., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.L., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), and Saïd Business School (S.A.), University of Oxford; Population Health Sciences (Y.B.-S., M.L., S.K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Neurology (A.J., E.S., W.H.O.), Philipps University Marburg; Institute for Neurogenomics (W.H.O.), München Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, Neuherberg München, Germany; and Institute of Neurological Sciences (D.G.G.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
(1) PDSTAT trial of simvastatin in Parkinson's (2) UPSTUDY ursodeoxycholic acid in Parkinson's (3) ODYSSEY gadolinium safety study
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
(1) Oruen/Britannia Pharmaceuticals, honorarium (2) BIAL Pharma, honorarium
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
(1) The Glasgow Memory Clinic
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
(1) Parkinson's UK, J1101, 2010-2022
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Michele T. Hu, PhD, FRCP https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6382-5841
From the Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (C.L., S.A., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.L., T.R.B., J.C.K., M.T.H.), and Saïd Business School (S.A.), University of Oxford; Population Health Sciences (Y.B.-S., M.L., S.K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Neurology (A.J., E.S., W.H.O.), Philipps University Marburg; Institute for Neurogenomics (W.H.O.), München Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, Neuherberg München, Germany; and Institute of Neurological Sciences (D.G.G.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
(1) Commercial or non-profit entity: Roche Prodromal Advisory Board, Biogen Digitals Advisory Board, MJFF Digital Health Assessment Board
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
Patent pending: related to smartphone predictions in Parkinson’s(PCT/GB2019/052522)
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
(1) Commercial or non-profit entity- CuraSen Therapeutics, Evidera, Biogen, Roche, Manus Neurodynamica
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
(1) Commercial entity- Celgene project grant
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
(1) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre based at Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Oxford, Project grant: Neurological conditions sub-theme, Clinical Fellowship Salary and consumables support, 2018 - ongoing
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
(1) Parkinson's UK Monument Trust Discovery Award, 2010-2020, Grant Number J-1403 (2) Michael J Fox Foundation (3) Cure Parkinson's Trust (4) Lab10X (5) H2020 European Union (6) GE Healthcare (7) PSP Association
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author

Notes

Correspondence Dr. Lo [email protected]
Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citation information is sourced from Crossref Cited-by service.

Citations

Download Citations

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited By
    • Beatrice Orso,
    • Sarah Brosse,
    • Johannes Frasnelli,
    • Dario Arnaldi,
    Opportunities and Pitfalls of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Olfactory Dysfunction as Early Markers in Parkinson’s Disease, Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, 14, s2, (S275-S285), (2024).https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-230348
    Crossref
    • Jing Ren,
    • Chao Wu,
    • Mengxia Zeng,
    • Mingqin Qu,
    • Ge Gao,
    • Ning Chen,
    • Jingjing Yue,
    • Yuwen Jiang,
    • Tongfei Zhao,
    • Na Xiang,
    • Fangang Meng,
    • Ling-ling Lu,
    A novel function for α-synuclein as a regulator of NCK2 in olfactory bulb: implications for its role in olfaction, Cell & Bioscience, 14, 1, (2024).https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-024-01313-6
    Crossref
    • Meijie Ye,
    • Qianqian Ji,
    • Qi Liu,
    • Yue Xu,
    • Enxiang Tao,
    • Yiqiang Zhan,
    Olfactory Dysfunction and Long-Term Trajectories of Sleep Disorders among early Parkinson’s Disease: Findings from a Longitudinal Cohort, Neuroepidemiology, (1-10), (2024).https://doi.org/10.1159/000539330
    Crossref
    • Toma Matsushima,
    • Kenji Yoshinaga,
    • Noritaka Wakasugi,
    • Hiroki Togo,
    • Takashi Hanakawa,
    Functional connectivity-based classification of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, Sleep Medicine, 115, (5-13), (2024).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2024.01.019
    Crossref
    • Yu Yuan,
    • Xizhen Ma,
    • Xiaoqing Mi,
    • Le Qu,
    • Meiyu Liang,
    • Mengyu Li,
    • Youcui Wang,
    • Ning Song,
    • Junxia Xie,
    Dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra is associated with olfactory dysfunction in mice models of Parkinson’s disease, Cell Death Discovery, 9, 1, (2023).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41420-023-01684-8
    Crossref
    • Zhiqiang Que,
    • Cuifeng Zheng,
    • Zhenhua Zhao,
    • Yanhong Weng,
    • Zhibao Zhu,
    • Yuqi Zeng,
    • Qinyong Ye,
    • Fabin Lin,
    • Guoen Cai,
    The treatment efficacy of pharmacotherapies for rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder with polysomnography evaluation: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Heliyon, 8, 11, (e11425), (2022).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11425
    Crossref
    • Annamaria Landolfi,
    • Marina Picillo,
    • Maria Teresa Pellecchia,
    • Jacopo Troisi,
    • Marianna Amboni,
    • Paolo Barone,
    • Roberto Erro,
    Screening performances of an 8-item UPSIT Italian version in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease, Neurological Sciences, 44, 3, (889-895), (2022).https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-022-06457-2
    Crossref
    • Jing Chen,
    • Liche Zhou,
    • Chao Jiang,
    • Zhichun Chen,
    • Lina Zhang,
    • Haiyan Zhou,
    • Wenyan Kang,
    • Xufeng Jiang,
    • Yuanyuan Li,
    • Ningdi Luo,
    • Mengsha Yao,
    • Mengyue Niu,
    • Shengdi Chen,
    • Xi‐Nian Zuo,
    • Li Li,
    • Jun Liu,
    Impaired Ocular Tracking and Cortical Atrophy in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder , Movement Disorders, 37, 5, (972-982), (2022).https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28931
    Crossref
    • Sharon Puleo,
    • Ada Braghieri,
    • Corrado Pacelli,
    • Alessandra Bendini,
    • Tullia Gallina Toschi,
    • Luisa Torri,
    • Maria Piochi,
    • Rossella Di Monaco,
    Food Neophobia, Odor and Taste Sensitivity, and Overall Flavor Perception in Food, Foods, 10, 12, (3122), (2021).https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10123122
    Crossref
    • Siddharth Arora,
    • Athanasios Tsanas,
    Assessing Parkinson’s Disease at Scale Using Telephone-Recorded Speech: Insights from the Parkinson’s Voice Initiative, Diagnostics, 11, 10, (1892), (2021).https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101892
    Crossref
  11. See more

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Personal login Institutional Login
Purchase Options

The neurology.org payment platform is currently offline. Our technical team is working as quickly as possible to restore service.

If you need immediate support or to place an order, please call or email customer service:

  • 1-800-638-3030 for U.S. customers - 8:30 - 7 pm ET (M-F)
  • 1-301-223-2300 for customers outside the U.S. - 8:30 - 7 pm ET (M-F)
  • [email protected]

We appreciate your patience during this time and apologize for any inconvenience.

View options

PDF and All Supplements

Download PDF and Supplementary Material

Short Form

View Short Form

Full Text

View Full Text

Full Text HTML

View Full Text HTML

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share article link

Share

View full text|Download PDF