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December 19, 2023
editorial

C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6, and Vascular Recurrence According to Stroke Subtype
An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis

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John J. McCabe, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2029-1303, Cathal Walsh, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6599-9562, Sarah Gorey, MB https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8079-7969, Katie Harris, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2444-2869, Pablo Hervella, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1249-6333, Ramon Iglesias-Rey, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9985-9135, Christina Jern, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7531-2354, … Show All … , Linxin Li, DPhil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3636-8355, Nobukazu Miyamoto, MD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3037-169X, Joan Montaner, MD, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4845-2279, Annie Pedersen, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7498-7755, Francisco F. Purroy, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1808-5968, Peter M. Rothwell, MBChB, MD, PhD, FMedSci, Cathie L. Sudlow, DPhil, FRCP(E) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7725-7520, Yuji Ueno, MD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8617-3695, Mikel Vicente-Pascual, MD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-7853, Will N. Whiteley, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4816-8991, Mark Woodward, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-5296, and Peter J. Kelly, MD, MS, FRCPI, ABPN (Dip) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4772-6565Authors Info & Affiliations
January 23, 2024 issue
102 (2)
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000208016
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Abstract

Background and Objectives

Anti-inflammatory therapies reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in coronary artery disease but remain unproven after stroke. Establishing the subtype-specific association between inflammatory markers and recurrence risk is essential for optimal selection of patients in randomized trials (RCTs) of anti-inflammatory therapies for secondary stroke prevention.

Methods

Using individual participant data (IPD) identified from a systematic review, we analyzed the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and vascular recurrence after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. The prespecified coprimary end points were (1) any recurrent MACE (first major coronary event, recurrent stroke, or vascular death) and (2) any recurrent stroke (ischemic, hemorrhagic, or unspecified) after sample measurement. Analyses were performed stratified by stroke mechanism, per quarter and per biomarker unit increase after loge transformation. We then did study-level meta-analysis with comparable published studies not providing IPD. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses IPD guidelines were followed.

Results

IPD was obtained from 10 studies (8,420 patients). After adjustment for vascular risk factors and statins/antithrombotic therapy, IL-6 was associated with recurrent MACE in stroke caused by large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) (risk ratio [RR] 2.30, 95% CI 1.21–4.36, p = 0.01), stroke of undetermined cause (UND) (RR 1.78, 1.19–2.66, p = 0.005), and small vessel occlusion (SVO) (RR 1.71, 0.99–2.96, p = 0.053) (quarter 4 [Q4] vs quarter 1 [Q1]). No association was observed for stroke due to cardioembolism or other determined cause. Similar results were seen for recurrent stroke and when analyzed per loge unit increase for MACE (LAA, RR 1.26 [1.06–1.50], p = 0.009; SVO, RR 1.22 [1.01–1.47], p = 0.04; UND, RR 1.18 [1.04–1.34], p = 0.01). High-sensitivity CRP was associated with recurrent MACE in UND stroke only (Q4 vs Q1 RR 1.45 [1.04–2.03], p = 0.03). Findings were consistent on study-level meta-analysis of the IPD results with 2 other comparable studies (20,136 patients).

Discussion

Our data provide new evidence for the selection of patients in future RCTs of anti-inflammatory therapy in stroke due to large artery atherosclerosis, small vessel occlusion, and undetermined etiology according to inflammatory marker profile.

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Supplementary Material

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Neurology®
Volume 102 • Number 2 • January 23, 2024
PubMed: 38165328

Copyright

© 2023 American Academy of Neurology.

Publication History

Received: July 18, 2023
Accepted: October 26, 2023
Published online: December 19, 2023
Published in issue: January 23, 2024

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Disclosure

J. McCabe, C. Walsh, S. Gorey, K. Harris, P. Hervella, R. Iglesias-Rey, C. Jern, L. Li, N. Miyamoto, J. Montaner, A. Pedersen, PhD, F. Purroy, P.M. Rothwell, C. Sudlow, Y. Ueno, and M. Vicente-Pascual have no disclosures relevant to this manuscript. M. Woodward has done consultancy work for Amgen and Freeline. W. Whiteley has done consultancy work for Bayer and Viatris, data/safety monitoring for several clinical trials (ICAD-CATIS, TEMPO-2, PROTECT-U, CHOSEN, PAX-D, INTERACT-3), is a clinical lead for the Scotish Stroke Research Network, and received compensation from UK Courts for expert witness services. P.J. Kelly is the principal investigator of the CONVINCE trial. Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures.

Study Funding

The authors report no targeted funding.

Authors

Affiliations & Disclosures

John J. McCabe, PhD* https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2029-1303
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
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1.
NONE
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1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
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NONE
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1.
NONE
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Research Support, Commercial Entities:
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NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
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NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
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Cathal Walsh, PhD* https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6599-9562
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
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Sarah Gorey, MB https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8079-7969
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
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1.
NONE
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Katie Harris, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2444-2869
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
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Legal Proceedings:
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Pablo Hervella, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1249-6333
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Ramon Iglesias-Rey, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9985-9135
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Christina Jern, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7531-2354
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Linxin Li, DPhil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3636-8355
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
Stroke
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Medical Research Foundation: Outside the scope of this paper
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Nobukazu Miyamoto, MD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3037-169X
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Joan Montaner, MD, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4845-2279
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Annie Pedersen, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7498-7755
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Francisco F. Purroy, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1808-5968
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Peter M. Rothwell, MBChB, MD, PhD, FMedSci
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
Speaking fee - Sanofi
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
Charity - Wellcome Trust: Programme grant
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NIHR: Project grant
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Cathie L. Sudlow, DPhil, FRCP(E) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7725-7520
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
Charity - The Stroke Association (UK): 2023-2028: Stroke Data Science Catalyst for BHF Data Science Centre (PI), £500K
2.
Charity - Diabetes UK: 2022-2024: Diabetes Data Science Catalyst for BHF Data Science Centre (PI), £300K
3.
Charity - British Heart Foundation: 2020-2024: BHF Data Science Centre (Centre Director), £10M
4.
Charity - Wellcome: 2019-2024: Wellcome Trust Longitudinal Population Studies: Generation Scotland (PI), £5M
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
UK Medical Research Council (and multiple partner funders): 2023-2028: HDR UK Core Funding (Co-I), £72M
2.
UK MRC (and multiple partner funders) via Health Data Research UK: 2018-2023: HDR UK Scottish Substantive Site and HDR UK Fellowships (PI), £6.2M
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Yuji Ueno, MD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8617-3695
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Mikel Vicente-Pascual, MD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-7853
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Will N. Whiteley, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4816-8991
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
Various academic trials, uncompensated
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
chapter in student textbook
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
Viatris - advisory board
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
Charity - Alzheimers Society: Charity
2.
Charity - British Heart Foundation: Charity
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
Chief Scientist's Office: Government
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
Expert witness for UK courts in 2022-2023
View all articles by this author
Mark Woodward, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-5296
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
Amgen
2.
Freeline
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Peter J. Kelly, MD, MS, FRCPI, ABPN (Dip) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4772-6565
From the Health Research Board (HRB) Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland (SCTNI) (J.J.M., C.W., S.G., P.J.K.), Dublin; School of Medicine (J.J.M., S.G., P.J.K.), University College Dublin (UCD); Stroke Service (J.J.M., S.G.), Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; Health Research Institute and Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) (C.W.), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland; George Institute for Global Health (K.H.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) (P.H., R.I.-R.), Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine (C.J., A.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics (C.J., A.P.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (L.L., P.M.R.) and Nuffield Department of Population Health (W.N.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.M., Y.U.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Institute de Biomedicine of Seville (J.M.), IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Neurology; Virgen Macarena Hospital (J.M.), Neurology, Sevilla; Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.M.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.F.P., M.V.-P.), Institut Reserca Biomèdica Lleida, University of Lleida, Spain; Centre for Medical Informatics (C.L.S., W.N.W.), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.L.S.), University of Edinburgh; and George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
ESJ, Cerebrovascular Diseases
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
Health Research Board: CONVINCE trial
2.
Health Research Board: EPICS pilot trial
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author

Notes

Correspondence Dr. McCabe [email protected]
Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.
Submitted and externally peer reviewed. The handling editor was Editor-in-Chief José Merino, MD, MPhil, FAAN.
*
These authors contributed equally as co-first authors.

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