AAN.com
Quick search in Citations
AnywhereCitation
Advanced Search
Trending Terms:
Articles
September 20, 2010

Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease
A multicenter pooled analysis

D. Aarsland, MD, K. Bronnick, PhD, C. Williams-Gray, MRCP, PhD, D. Weintraub, MD, K. Marder, MD, J. Kulisevsky, MD, D. Burn, MD, … Show All … , P. Barone, MD, J. Pagonabarraga, MD, L. Allcock, MD, G. Santangelo, PhD, T. Foltynie, PhD, C. Janvin, PhD, J.P. Larsen, MD, R.A. Barker, MRCP, PhD, and M. Emre, MDAuthors Info & Affiliations
September 21, 2010 issue
75 (12) 1062-1069
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f39d0e
Letters to the Editor
Track CitationsAdd to favorites
Get Access

Abstract

Background: In studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson disease (PD), patients without dementia have reported variable prevalences and profiles of MCI, likely to be due to methodologic differences between the studies.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine frequency and the profile of MCI in a large, multicenter cohort of well-defined patients with PD using a standardized analytic method and a common definition of MCI.
Methods: A total of 1,346 patients with PD from 8 different cohorts were included. Standardized analysis of verbal memory, visuospatial, and attentional/executive abilities was performed. Subjects were classified as having MCI if their age- and education-corrected z score on one or more cognitive domains was at least 1.5 standard deviations below the mean of either control subjects or normative data.
Results: A total of 25.8% of subjects (95% confidence interval [CI] 23.5–28.2) were classified as having MCI. Memory impairment was most common (13.3%; 11.6–15.3), followed by visuospatial (11.0%; 9.4–13.0) and attention/executive ability impairment (10.1%; 8.6–11.9). Regarding cognitive profiles, 11.3% (9.7–13.1) were classified as nonamnestic single-domain MCI, 8.9% (7.0–9.9) as amnestic single-domain, 4.8% (3.8–6.1) as amnestic multiple-domain, and 1.3% (0.9–2.1) as nonamnestic multiple-domain MCI. Having MCI was associated with older age at assessment and at disease onset, male gender, depression, more severe motor symptoms, and advanced disease stage.
Conclusions: MCI is common in patients with PD without dementia, affecting a range of cognitive domains, including memory, visual-spatial, and attention/executive abilities. Future studies of patients with PD with MCI need to determine risk factors for ongoing cognitive decline and assess interventions at a predementia stage.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Get Access

Supplementary Material

File (aarsland.pdf)

REFERENCES

1.
Janvin CC, Larsen JP, Aarsland D, Hugdahl K. Subtypes of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: progression to dementia. Mov Disord 2006;21:1343–1349.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
2.
Williams-Gray CH, Foltynie T, Brayne CE, Robbins TW, Barker RA. Evolution of cognitive dysfunction in an incident Parkinson's disease cohort. Brain 2007;130:1787–1798.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
3.
Williams-Gray CH, Evans JR, Goris A, et al. The distinct cognitive syndromes of Parkinson's disease: 5 year follow-up of the CamPaIGN cohort. Brain 2009;132:2958–2969.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
4.
Janvin C, Aarsland D, Larsen JP, Hugdahl K. Neuropsychological profile of patients with Parkinson's disease without dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2003;15:126–131.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
5.
Alves G, Muller B, Herlofson K, et al. Incidence of Parkinson's disease in Norway: the Norwegian ParkWest study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009;80:851–857.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
6.
Levy G, Jacobs DM, Tang MX, et al. Memory and executive function impairment predict dementia in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2002;17:1221–1226.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
7.
Allcock LM, Kenny RA, Mosimann UP, et al. Orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson's disease: association with cognitive decline? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2006;21:778–783.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
8.
Weintraub D, Moberg PJ, Culbertson WC, Duda JE, Katz IR, Stern MB. Dimensions of executive function in Parkinson's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2005;20:140–144.
Google Scholar
9.
Pagonabarraga J, Kulisevsky J, Llebaria G, Garcia-Sanchez C, Pascual-Sedano B, Gironell A. Parkinson's disease-cognitive rating scale: a new cognitive scale specific for Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2008;23:998–1005.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
10.
Llebaria G, Pagonabarraga J, Kulisevsky J, et al. Cut-off score of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale for screening dementia in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2008;23:1546–1550.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
11.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV (Text Revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
Google Scholar
12.
Emre M, Aarsland D, Brown R, et al. Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2007;22:1689–1707.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
13.
Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189–198.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
14.
Allcock LM, Ullyart K, Kenny RA, Burn DJ. Frequency of orthostatic hypotension in a community based cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:1470–1471.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
15.
Dubois B, Burn D, Goetz C, et al. Diagnostic procedures for Parkinson's disease dementia: recommendations from the movement disorder society task force. Mov Disord 2007;22:2314–2324.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
16.
Schrag A, Barone P, Brown RG, et al. Depression rating scales in Parkinson's disease: critique and recommendations. Mov Disord 2007;22:1077–1092.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
17.
Mattis S. Dementia Rating Scale. In: Bellak L, Karasu TB, eds. Geriatric Psychiatry: A Handbook for Psychiatrists and Primary Care Physicians. New York: Grune and Stratton; 1976.
Google Scholar
18.
Aarsland D, Bronnick K, Larsen JP, Tysnes OB, Alves G. Cognitive impairment in incident, untreated Parkinson disease: the Norwegian ParkWest study. Neurology 2009;72:1121–1126.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
19.
Winblad B, Palmer K, Kivipelto M, et al. Mild cognitive impairment: beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Intern Med 2004;256:240–246.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
20.
Troster AI. Neuropsychological characteristics of dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease with dementia: differentiation, early detection, and implications for “mild cognitive impairment” and biomarkers. Neuropsychol Rev 2008;18:103–119.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
21.
Dubois B. Is PD-MCI a useful concept? Mov Disord 2007;22:1215–1216.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
22.
Weintraub D, Moberg PJ, Culbertson WC, Duda JE, Stern MB. Evidence for impaired encoding and retrieval memory profiles in Parkinson disease. Cogn Behav Neurol 2004;17:195–200.
PubMed
Google Scholar
23.
Whittington CJ, Podd J, Stewart-Williams S. Memory deficits in Parkinson's disease. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2006;28:738–754.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
24.
Kulisevsky J, Pagonabarraga J. Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: tools for diagnosis and assessment. Mov Disord 2009;24:1103–1110.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
25.
Santangelo G, Trojano L, Vitale C, et al. A neuropsychological longitudinal study in Parkinson's patients with and without hallucinations. Mov Disord 2007;22:2418–2425.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
26.
Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Kokmen E. Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Arch Neurol 1999;56:303–308.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
27.
Caviness JN, Driver-Dunckley E, Connor DJ, et al. Defining mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2007;22:1272–1277.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
28.
Aarsland D, Ballard C, Walker Z, et al. Memantine in patients with Parkinson's disease dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet Neurol 2009;8:613–618.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
29.
Emre M, Aarsland D, Albanese A, et al. Rivastigmine for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2509–2518.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
30.
Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, Lees AJ. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:181–184.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
31.
Gelb DJ, Oliver E, Gilman S. Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 1999;56:33–39.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
32.
Larsen JP, Dupont E, Tandberg E. Clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: proposal of diagnostic subgroups classified at different levels of confidence. Acta Neurol Scand 1994;89:242–251.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Neurology®
Volume 75 • Number 12 • September 21, 2010
Pages: 1062-1069
PubMed: 20855849

Copyright

© 2010.

Publication History

Published online: September 20, 2010
Published in print: September 21, 2010

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Keyword

  1. aMCI-MD = amnestic multiple-domain MCI; aMCI-SD = amnestic single-domain MCI; CI = confidence interval; DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition; MCI = mild cognitive impairment; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; naMCI-MD = nonamnestic multiple-domain MCI; naMCI-SD = nonamnestic single-domain MCI; PD = Parkinson disease; PD-CRS = Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale; UPDRS = Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale.

Authors

Affiliations & Disclosures

D. Aarsland, MD
From the Psychiatric Division (D.A., C.J.) and The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders (K.B., J.P.L.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger; Division of Mental Health Services (D.A.), Akershus University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Brain Repair (C.W.-G., R.A.B.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Movement Disorders Unit (J.K., J.P.), Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERNED (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Ageing and Health (D.B., L.A.), Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurological Sciences–ICD Hermitage Capodimonte (P.B., G.S.), Naples, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (T.F.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; and Istanbul University (M.E.), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
View all articles by this author
K. Bronnick, PhD
From the Psychiatric Division (D.A., C.J.) and The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders (K.B., J.P.L.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger; Division of Mental Health Services (D.A.), Akershus University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Brain Repair (C.W.-G., R.A.B.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Movement Disorders Unit (J.K., J.P.), Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERNED (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Ageing and Health (D.B., L.A.), Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurological Sciences–ICD Hermitage Capodimonte (P.B., G.S.), Naples, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (T.F.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; and Istanbul University (M.E.), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
View all articles by this author
C. Williams-Gray, MRCP, PhD
From the Psychiatric Division (D.A., C.J.) and The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders (K.B., J.P.L.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger; Division of Mental Health Services (D.A.), Akershus University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Brain Repair (C.W.-G., R.A.B.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Movement Disorders Unit (J.K., J.P.), Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERNED (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Ageing and Health (D.B., L.A.), Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurological Sciences–ICD Hermitage Capodimonte (P.B., G.S.), Naples, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (T.F.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; and Istanbul University (M.E.), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
View all articles by this author
D. Weintraub, MD
From the Psychiatric Division (D.A., C.J.) and The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders (K.B., J.P.L.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger; Division of Mental Health Services (D.A.), Akershus University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Brain Repair (C.W.-G., R.A.B.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Movement Disorders Unit (J.K., J.P.), Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERNED (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Ageing and Health (D.B., L.A.), Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurological Sciences–ICD Hermitage Capodimonte (P.B., G.S.), Naples, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (T.F.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; and Istanbul University (M.E.), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
View all articles by this author
K. Marder, MD
From the Psychiatric Division (D.A., C.J.) and The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders (K.B., J.P.L.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger; Division of Mental Health Services (D.A.), Akershus University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Brain Repair (C.W.-G., R.A.B.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Movement Disorders Unit (J.K., J.P.), Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERNED (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Ageing and Health (D.B., L.A.), Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurological Sciences–ICD Hermitage Capodimonte (P.B., G.S.), Naples, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (T.F.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; and Istanbul University (M.E.), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
View all articles by this author
J. Kulisevsky, MD
From the Psychiatric Division (D.A., C.J.) and The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders (K.B., J.P.L.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger; Division of Mental Health Services (D.A.), Akershus University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Brain Repair (C.W.-G., R.A.B.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Movement Disorders Unit (J.K., J.P.), Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERNED (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Ageing and Health (D.B., L.A.), Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurological Sciences–ICD Hermitage Capodimonte (P.B., G.S.), Naples, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (T.F.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; and Istanbul University (M.E.), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
View all articles by this author
D. Burn, MD
From the Psychiatric Division (D.A., C.J.) and The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders (K.B., J.P.L.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger; Division of Mental Health Services (D.A.), Akershus University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Brain Repair (C.W.-G., R.A.B.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Movement Disorders Unit (J.K., J.P.), Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERNED (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Ageing and Health (D.B., L.A.), Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurological Sciences–ICD Hermitage Capodimonte (P.B., G.S.), Naples, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (T.F.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; and Istanbul University (M.E.), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
View all articles by this author
P. Barone, MD
From the Psychiatric Division (D.A., C.J.) and The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders (K.B., J.P.L.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger; Division of Mental Health Services (D.A.), Akershus University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Brain Repair (C.W.-G., R.A.B.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Movement Disorders Unit (J.K., J.P.), Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERNED (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Ageing and Health (D.B., L.A.), Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurological Sciences–ICD Hermitage Capodimonte (P.B., G.S.), Naples, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (T.F.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; and Istanbul University (M.E.), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
View all articles by this author
J. Pagonabarraga, MD
From the Psychiatric Division (D.A., C.J.) and The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders (K.B., J.P.L.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger; Division of Mental Health Services (D.A.), Akershus University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Brain Repair (C.W.-G., R.A.B.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Movement Disorders Unit (J.K., J.P.), Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERNED (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Ageing and Health (D.B., L.A.), Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurological Sciences–ICD Hermitage Capodimonte (P.B., G.S.), Naples, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (T.F.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; and Istanbul University (M.E.), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
View all articles by this author
L. Allcock, MD
From the Psychiatric Division (D.A., C.J.) and The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders (K.B., J.P.L.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger; Division of Mental Health Services (D.A.), Akershus University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Brain Repair (C.W.-G., R.A.B.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Movement Disorders Unit (J.K., J.P.), Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERNED (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Ageing and Health (D.B., L.A.), Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurological Sciences–ICD Hermitage Capodimonte (P.B., G.S.), Naples, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (T.F.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; and Istanbul University (M.E.), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
View all articles by this author
G. Santangelo, PhD
From the Psychiatric Division (D.A., C.J.) and The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders (K.B., J.P.L.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger; Division of Mental Health Services (D.A.), Akershus University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Brain Repair (C.W.-G., R.A.B.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Movement Disorders Unit (J.K., J.P.), Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERNED (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Ageing and Health (D.B., L.A.), Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurological Sciences–ICD Hermitage Capodimonte (P.B., G.S.), Naples, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (T.F.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; and Istanbul University (M.E.), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
View all articles by this author
T. Foltynie, PhD
From the Psychiatric Division (D.A., C.J.) and The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders (K.B., J.P.L.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger; Division of Mental Health Services (D.A.), Akershus University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Brain Repair (C.W.-G., R.A.B.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Movement Disorders Unit (J.K., J.P.), Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERNED (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Ageing and Health (D.B., L.A.), Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurological Sciences–ICD Hermitage Capodimonte (P.B., G.S.), Naples, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (T.F.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; and Istanbul University (M.E.), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
View all articles by this author
C. Janvin, PhD
From the Psychiatric Division (D.A., C.J.) and The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders (K.B., J.P.L.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger; Division of Mental Health Services (D.A.), Akershus University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Brain Repair (C.W.-G., R.A.B.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Movement Disorders Unit (J.K., J.P.), Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERNED (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Ageing and Health (D.B., L.A.), Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurological Sciences–ICD Hermitage Capodimonte (P.B., G.S.), Naples, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (T.F.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; and Istanbul University (M.E.), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
View all articles by this author
J.P. Larsen, MD
From the Psychiatric Division (D.A., C.J.) and The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders (K.B., J.P.L.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger; Division of Mental Health Services (D.A.), Akershus University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Brain Repair (C.W.-G., R.A.B.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Movement Disorders Unit (J.K., J.P.), Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERNED (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Ageing and Health (D.B., L.A.), Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurological Sciences–ICD Hermitage Capodimonte (P.B., G.S.), Naples, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (T.F.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; and Istanbul University (M.E.), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
View all articles by this author
R.A. Barker, MRCP, PhD
From the Psychiatric Division (D.A., C.J.) and The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders (K.B., J.P.L.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger; Division of Mental Health Services (D.A.), Akershus University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Brain Repair (C.W.-G., R.A.B.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Movement Disorders Unit (J.K., J.P.), Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERNED (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Ageing and Health (D.B., L.A.), Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurological Sciences–ICD Hermitage Capodimonte (P.B., G.S.), Naples, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (T.F.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; and Istanbul University (M.E.), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
View all articles by this author
M. Emre, MD
From the Psychiatric Division (D.A., C.J.) and The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders (K.B., J.P.L.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger; Division of Mental Health Services (D.A.), Akershus University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Brain Repair (C.W.-G., R.A.B.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Movement Disorders Unit (J.K., J.P.), Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERNED (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Ageing and Health (D.B., L.A.), Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurological Sciences–ICD Hermitage Capodimonte (P.B., G.S.), Naples, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (T.F.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; and Istanbul University (M.E.), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
View all articles by this author

Notes

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Dag Aarsland, Stavanger University Hospital, Psychiatric Division, PO Box 8100, 4068 Stavanger, Norway [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citation information is sourced from Crossref Cited-by service.

Citations

Download Citations

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited By
    • Jenny Jeaeun Chan,
    • Yeryeong Cho,
    • Jae-Hon Lee,
    Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Global Cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment, Chonnam Medical Journal, 61, 1, (1), (2025).https://doi.org/10.4068/cmj.2025.61.1.1
    Crossref
    • Saar Anis,
    • Henry Mauricio Chaparro-Solano,
    • Thiago Peixoto Leal,
    • Scott A. Sperling,
    • Claire Sonneborn,
    • Camila Callegari Piccinin,
    • Miguel Inca-Martinez,
    • Mario Cornejo-Olivas,
    • Maryenela Illanes-Manrique,
    • Pedro Chana-Cuevas,
    • Paula Safie Awad,
    • Ana Jimena Hernández-Medrano,
    • Amin Cervantes-Arriaga,
    • Artur F. S. Schuh,
    • Carlos R. M. Rieder,
    • Pedro Braga-Neto,
    • Antonio Andrei da Silva Sena,
    • Bruno Lopes Santos-Lobato,
    • Emilia M. Gatto,
    • Griselda J. Alvarado,
    • Cesar L. Avila,
    • Vitor Tumas,
    • Maria Paula Foss,
    • Vanderci Borges,
    • Henrique Ballalai Ferraz,
    • Jorge Luis Orozco Vélez,
    • Beatriz Muñoz Ospina,
    • Sonia Moreno,
    • David Pineda,
    • Julia Esther Rios Pinto,
    • Patricio Olguín,
    • Juan Cristobal Nuñez,
    • Angel Viñuela,
    • Alan O. Espinal-Martinez,
    • Nicanor Mori,
    • Koni Mejía-Rojas,
    • Angel Medina-Colque,
    • Ana Lucia Zuma Rosso,
    • Celmir Vilaça,
    • Edward Ochoa-Valle,
    • Iván Cornejo-Herrera,
    • Paula Reyes-Perez,
    • Alejandra Lázaro-Figueroa,
    • Anna Letícia de Moraes Alves,
    • Rubens Gisbert Cury,
    • Hubert H. Fernandez,
    • Ignacio Mata,
    Differences and contributors to global cognitive performance in the underrepresented Latinx Parkinson’s disease population, The Clinical Neuropsychologist, (1-21), (2025).https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2025.2450020
    Crossref
    • Osman Sinen,
    • Ayşegül Gemici Sinen,
    • Narin Derin,
    Central treatment of neuropeptide-S attenuates cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal synaptic plasticity impairment by increasing CaMKII/GluR1 in hemiparkinsonian rats, Neuroscience, 564, (194-201), (2025).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.021
    Crossref
    • Daniel Weintraub,
    • Michael C. Brumm,
    • Ryan Kurth,
    • Michele K. York,
    Use of Robust Norming to Create a Sensitive Cognitive Summary Score in De Novo Parkinson's Disease: An Illustrative Example , Movement Disorders, (2025).https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.30111
    Crossref
    • Niraj M. Shanbhag,
    • Jaya L. Padmanabhan,
    • Zheng Zhang,
    • Brian T. Harel,
    • Hongxia Jia,
    • Tairmae Kangarloo,
    • Wei Yin,
    • Ariel V. Dowling,
    • Antonio Laurenza,
    • Polyna Khudyakov,
    • Kevin Galinsky,
    • Robert D. Latzman,
    • Tanya Simuni,
    • Daniel Weintraub,
    • Fay B. Horak,
    • Cindy Lustig,
    • Paul Maruff,
    • Arthur A. Simen,
    An Acetylcholine M 1 Receptor–Positive Allosteric Modulator (TAK-071) in Parkinson Disease With Cognitive Impairment , JAMA Neurology, 82, 2, (152), (2025).https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.4519
    Crossref
    • Valeska Kouzak,
    • Maria Clotilde Tavares,
    • Wendy Isabel Silvestre da Silva,
    The Effects of Neurofeedback Training in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease, Neuromuscular Diseases - How to Recognize and Treat Them [Working Title], (2024).https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1006486
    Crossref
    • Ibrahim Khalil,
    • Reem Sayad,
    • Ahmed Kedwany,
    • Hager Sayed,
    • Ana Letícia Caprara,
    • Jamir Rissardo,
    Cardiovascular dysautonomia and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (Review), Medicine International, 4, 6, (2024).https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2024.194
    Crossref
    • Elena Contaldi,
    • Milo Jarno Basellini,
    • Samanta Mazzetti,
    • Alessandra Maria Calogero,
    • Aurora Colombo,
    • Viviana Cereda,
    • Gionata Innocenti,
    • Valentina Ferri,
    • Daniela Calandrella,
    • Ioannis U. Isaias,
    • Gianni Pezzoli,
    • Graziella Cappelletti,
    α-Synuclein Oligomers in Skin Biopsies Predict the Worsening of Cognitive Functions in Parkinson’s Disease: A Single-Center Longitudinal Cohort Study, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25, 22, (12176), (2024).https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212176
    Crossref
    • Aliaksandr Skrahin,
    • Mia Horowitz,
    • Majdolen Istaiti,
    • Volha Skrahina,
    • Jan Lukas,
    • Gilad Yahalom,
    • Mikhal E. Cohen,
    • Shoshana Revel-Vilk,
    • Ozlem Goker-Alpan,
    • Michal Becker-Cohen,
    • Sharon Hassin-Baer,
    • Per Svenningsson,
    • Arndt Rolfs,
    • Ari Zimran,
    GBA1-Associated Parkinson’s Disease Is a Distinct Entity, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25, 13, (7102), (2024).https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137102
    Crossref
    • Iman Beheshti,
    • Ji Hyun Ko,
    Predicting the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease using structural MRI data, Frontiers in Neuroscience, 18, (2024).https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1375395
    Crossref
  11. See more

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Personal login Institutional Login
Purchase Options

The neurology.org payment platform is currently offline. Our technical team is working as quickly as possible to restore service.

If you need immediate support or to place an order, please call or email customer service:

  • 1-800-638-3030 for U.S. customers - 8:30 - 7 pm ET (M-F)
  • 1-301-223-2300 for customers outside the U.S. - 8:30 - 7 pm ET (M-F)
  • [email protected]

We appreciate your patience during this time and apologize for any inconvenience.

View options

PDF and All Supplements

Download PDF and Supplementary Material

Full Text

View Full Text

Full Text HTML

View Full Text HTML

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share article link

Share

View full text|Download PDF