AAN.com
Quick search in Citations
AnywhereCitation
Advanced Search
Trending Terms:
Articles
January 5, 2011

Consensus recommendations for MS cortical lesion scoring using double inversion recovery MRI

J.J.G. Geurts, PhD, S.D. Roosendaal, MD, M. Calabrese, MD, O. Ciccarelli, PhD, F. Agosta, MD, D.T. Chard, PhD, A. Gass, MD, … Show All … , E. Huerga, PhD, B. Moraal, MD, D. Pareto, PhD, M.A. Rocca, MD, M.P. Wattjes, MD, T.A. Yousry, MD, B.M.J. Uitdehaag, MD, and F. Barkhof, MD On behalf of the MAGNIMS Study GroupAuthors Info & Affiliations
February 1, 2011 issue
76 (5) 418-424
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31820a0cc4
Letters to the Editor
Track CitationsAdd to favorites
Get Access

Abstract

Background:

Different double inversion recovery (DIR) sequences are currently used in multiple sclerosis (MS) research centers to visualize cortical lesions, making it difficult to compare published data. This study aimed to formulate consensus recommendations for scoring cortical lesions in patients with MS, using DIR images acquired in 6 European centers according to local protocols.

Methods:

Consensus recommendations were formulated and tested in a multinational meeting.

Results:

Cortical lesions were defined as focal abnormalities on DIR, hyperintense compared to adjacent normal-appearing gray matter, and were not scored unless ≥3 pixels in size, based on at least 1.0 mm2 in-plane resolution. Besides these 2 obligatory criteria, additional, supportive recommendations concerned a priori artifact definition on DIR, use of additional MRI contrasts to verify suspected lesions, and a constant level of displayed image contrast. Robustness of the recommendations was tested in a small dataset of available, heterogeneous DIR images, provided by the different participating centers. An overall moderate agreement was reached when using the proposed recommendations: more than half of the readers agreed on slightly more than half (54%) of the cortical lesions scored, whereas complete agreement was reached in 19.4% of the lesions (usually larger, mixed white matter/gray matter lesions).

Conclusions:

Although not designed as a formal interobserver study, the current study suggests that comparing available literature data on cortical lesions may be problematic, and increased consistency in acquisition protocols may improve scoring agreement. Sensitivity and specificity of the proposed recommendations should now be studied in a more formal, prospective, multicenter setting using similar DIR protocols.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Get Access

COINVESTIGATORS

The current work was conducted on behalf of the MAGNIMS Study Group. The following Contributors provided patient data and discussed the contents and interpretation of the study: F. Barkhof, MD (Department of Radiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands); X. Montalban, MD (Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain); N. de Stefano, MD (Department of Neurological and Behavioral Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy); F. Fazekas, MD (Department of Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria); M. Filippi, MD (Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute and University, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy); J. Frederiksen, MD (MS Clinic, Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark); L. Kappos, MD (Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland); D. Miller, MD (NMR Research Unit, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK); J. Palace, MD (Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, UK); C.H. Polman, MD (Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands); M. Rovaris, MD (U.O. Sclerosi Multipla, IRCCS S. Maria Nascente, Fondazione Don Gnocchi, Milan, Italy); M. Rocca, MD (Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute and University, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy); A. Rovira, MD (Department of Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain); A. Thompson, MD (NMR Research Unit, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK); T. Yousry, MD (NMR Research Unit, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK).

REFERENCES

1.
Peterson JW, Bo L, Mork S, Chang A, Trapp BD. Transected neurites, apoptotic neurons, and reduced inflammation in cortical multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann Neurol 2001;50:389–400.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
2.
Bo L, Vedeler CA, Nyland HI, Trapp BD, Mork SJ. Subpial demyelination in the cerebral cortex of multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2003;62:723–732.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
3.
Kutzelnigg A, Lucchinetti CF, Stadelmann C, et al. Cortical demyelination and diffuse white matter injury in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2005;128:2705–2712.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
4.
Geurts JJ, Barkhof F. Grey matter pathology in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2008;7:841–851.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
5.
Geurts JJ, Bo L, Pouwels PJ, et al. Cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: combined postmortem MR imaging and histopathology. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:572–577.
PubMed
Google Scholar
6.
Geurts JJ, Pouwels PJ, Uitdehaag BM, et al. Intracortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: improved detection with 3D double inversion-recovery MR imaging. Radiology 2005;236:254–260.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
7.
Calabrese M, De Stefano N, Atzori M, et al. Detection of cortical inflammatory lesions by double inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging in patients with multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2007;64:1416–1422.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
8.
Simon B, Schmidt S, Lukas C, et al. Improved in vivo detection of cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis using double inversion recovery MR imaging at 3 Tesla. Eur Radiol 2010;20:1675–1683.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
9.
Calabrese M, Agosta F, Rinaldi F, et al. Cortical lesions and atrophy associated with cognitive impairment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2009;66:1144–1150.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
10.
Calabrese M, Rocca MA, Atzori M, et al. Cortical lesions in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a 2-year longitudinal MR study. Neurology 2009;72:1330–1336.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
11.
Roosendaal SD, Moraal B, Pouwels PJ, et al. Accumulation of cortical lesions in MS: relation with cognitive impairment. Mult Scler 2009;15:708–714.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
12.
Pouwels PJ, Kuijer JP, Mugler JP III, Guttmann CR, Barkhof F. Human gray matter: feasibility of single-slab 3D double inversion-recovery high-spatial-resolution MR imaging. Radiology 2006;241:873–879.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
13.
Schmierer K, Parkes HG, So PW, et al. High field (9.4 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging of cortical grey matter lesions in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2010;133:858–867.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
14.
Mainero C, Benner T, Radding A, et al. In vivo imaging of cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis using ultra-high field MRI. Neurology 2009;73:941–948.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
15.
Wattjes MP, Barkhof F. High field MRI in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: high field-high yield? Neuroradiol 2009;51:279–292.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
16.
Nelson F, Poonawalla AH, Hou P, et al. Improved identification of intracortical lesions in multiple sclerosis with phase-sensitive inversion recovery in combination with fast double inversion recovery MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:1645–1649.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
17.
Bagnato F, Butman JA, Gupta S, et al. In vivo detection of cortical plaques by MR imaging in patients with multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006;27:2161–2167.
PubMed
Google Scholar
18.
Nelson F, Poonawalla A, Hou P, Wolinsky JS, Narayana PA. 3D MPRAGE improves classification of cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2008;14:1214–1219.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
19.
Bagnato F, Yao B, Cantor F, et al. Multisequence-imaging protocols to detect cortical lesions of patients with multiple sclerosis: observations from a post-mortem 3 Tesla imaging study. J Neurol Sci 2009;282:80–85.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
20.
Moraal B, Roosendaal SD, Pouwels PJ, et al. Multi-contrast, isotropic, single-slab 3D MR imaging in multiple sclerosis. Eur Radiol 2008;18:2311–2320.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
21.
Calabrese M, Rocca MA, Atzori M, et al. A 3-year magnetic resonance imaging study of cortical lesions in relapse-onset multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2010;67:376–383.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
22.
Geurts JJ, Blezer EL, Vrenken H, et al. Does high-field MR imaging improve cortical lesion detection in multiple sclerosis? J Neurol 2008;255:183–191.
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Neurology®
Volume 76 • Number 5 • February 1, 2011
Pages: 418-424
PubMed: 21209373

Copyright

Copyright © 2011 by AAN Enterprises, Inc.

Publication History

Received: May 18, 2010
Accepted: August 30, 2010
Published online: January 5, 2011
Published in print: February 1, 2011

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Disclosure

Dr. Geurts serves on scientific advisory boards for the Dutch MS Research Foundation and Merck Serono, and serves on the editorial board of MS International. Dr. Roosendaal receives research support from the Dutch MS Research Foundation (06–592). Dr. Calabrese reports no disclosures. Dr. Ciccarelli serves as Clinical Editor for Current Medical Literature–Multiple Sclerosis and receives support from UCLH/UCL Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MS Society, and the Wellcome Trust (Advanced Fellow). Dr. Agosta serves on the speakers' bureau for Bayer Schering Pharma and has received funding for travel and speaker honoraria from Bayer Schering Pharma and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Dr. Chard receives research support from the Multiple Sclerosis Society Great Britain and Northern Ireland and holds stock in GlaxoSmithKline. Dr. Gass serves on the editorial board of Cerebrovascular Diseases. Dr. Huerga, Dr. Moraal, Dr. Pareto, and Dr. Rocca report no disclosures. Dr. Wattjes has received funding for travel and speaker honoraria from Bayer Schering Pharma, Janssen, and Biogen Idec. Dr. Yousry has served on scientific advisory boards for UCB and Biogen Idec; serves on the editorial board of European Radiology; and receives research support from Novartis, Biogen Idec, GlaxoSmithKline, Medical Research Council, PSP Association, Stroke Association, British Heart Foundation, and Wellcome Trust. Dr. Uitdehaag serves on a scientific advisory board for Merck Serono; served on the editorial board for Tijdschrift voor Neurologie en Neurochirurgie; receives royalties from the publication of Evidence-Based Neurology (Blackwell Publishers, 2007); serves as a consultant for Danone Research; and has received research support from the Dutch MS Research Foundation. Dr. Barkhof serves on scientific advisory boards for Lundbeck Inc., Bayer Schering Pharma, Sanofi- Aventis, UCB, Novartis, Biogen Idec, BioMS Medical, Merck Serono, and GE Healthcare; serves on the editorial boards of Brain, the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, European Radiology, the Journal of Neurology, and Neuroradiology; has received speaker honoraria from Novartis, Merck Serono, and BioClinica; serves as a consultant for Sanofi-Aventis, UCB, Novartis, Biogen Idec, BioMS Medical, Medicinova, Inc., and GE Healthcare. The VUmc MS Center Amsterdam receives research support from the Dutch MS Research Foundation.

Authors

Affiliations & Disclosures

J.J.G. Geurts, PhD
From the VU University Medical Center, Departments of Radiology (S.D.R., B.M., M.P.W., F.B.), Anatomy & Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (J.J.G.G.), and Department of Neurology (B.M.J.U.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences (M.C.), University Hospital of Padova, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Veneto Region, Padova, Italy; Departments of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (O.C., T.A.Y.) and Neuroinflammation (D.T.C.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Neuroimaging Research Unit (F.A., M.A.R.), Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.G.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and Magnetic Resonance Unit (E.H., D.P.), Department of Radiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
View all articles by this author
S.D. Roosendaal, MD
From the VU University Medical Center, Departments of Radiology (S.D.R., B.M., M.P.W., F.B.), Anatomy & Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (J.J.G.G.), and Department of Neurology (B.M.J.U.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences (M.C.), University Hospital of Padova, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Veneto Region, Padova, Italy; Departments of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (O.C., T.A.Y.) and Neuroinflammation (D.T.C.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Neuroimaging Research Unit (F.A., M.A.R.), Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.G.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and Magnetic Resonance Unit (E.H., D.P.), Department of Radiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
View all articles by this author
M. Calabrese, MD
From the VU University Medical Center, Departments of Radiology (S.D.R., B.M., M.P.W., F.B.), Anatomy & Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (J.J.G.G.), and Department of Neurology (B.M.J.U.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences (M.C.), University Hospital of Padova, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Veneto Region, Padova, Italy; Departments of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (O.C., T.A.Y.) and Neuroinflammation (D.T.C.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Neuroimaging Research Unit (F.A., M.A.R.), Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.G.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and Magnetic Resonance Unit (E.H., D.P.), Department of Radiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
View all articles by this author
O. Ciccarelli, PhD
From the VU University Medical Center, Departments of Radiology (S.D.R., B.M., M.P.W., F.B.), Anatomy & Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (J.J.G.G.), and Department of Neurology (B.M.J.U.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences (M.C.), University Hospital of Padova, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Veneto Region, Padova, Italy; Departments of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (O.C., T.A.Y.) and Neuroinflammation (D.T.C.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Neuroimaging Research Unit (F.A., M.A.R.), Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.G.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and Magnetic Resonance Unit (E.H., D.P.), Department of Radiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
View all articles by this author
F. Agosta, MD
From the VU University Medical Center, Departments of Radiology (S.D.R., B.M., M.P.W., F.B.), Anatomy & Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (J.J.G.G.), and Department of Neurology (B.M.J.U.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences (M.C.), University Hospital of Padova, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Veneto Region, Padova, Italy; Departments of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (O.C., T.A.Y.) and Neuroinflammation (D.T.C.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Neuroimaging Research Unit (F.A., M.A.R.), Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.G.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and Magnetic Resonance Unit (E.H., D.P.), Department of Radiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
View all articles by this author
D.T. Chard, PhD
From the VU University Medical Center, Departments of Radiology (S.D.R., B.M., M.P.W., F.B.), Anatomy & Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (J.J.G.G.), and Department of Neurology (B.M.J.U.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences (M.C.), University Hospital of Padova, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Veneto Region, Padova, Italy; Departments of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (O.C., T.A.Y.) and Neuroinflammation (D.T.C.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Neuroimaging Research Unit (F.A., M.A.R.), Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.G.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and Magnetic Resonance Unit (E.H., D.P.), Department of Radiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
View all articles by this author
A. Gass, MD
From the VU University Medical Center, Departments of Radiology (S.D.R., B.M., M.P.W., F.B.), Anatomy & Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (J.J.G.G.), and Department of Neurology (B.M.J.U.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences (M.C.), University Hospital of Padova, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Veneto Region, Padova, Italy; Departments of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (O.C., T.A.Y.) and Neuroinflammation (D.T.C.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Neuroimaging Research Unit (F.A., M.A.R.), Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.G.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and Magnetic Resonance Unit (E.H., D.P.), Department of Radiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
View all articles by this author
E. Huerga, PhD
From the VU University Medical Center, Departments of Radiology (S.D.R., B.M., M.P.W., F.B.), Anatomy & Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (J.J.G.G.), and Department of Neurology (B.M.J.U.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences (M.C.), University Hospital of Padova, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Veneto Region, Padova, Italy; Departments of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (O.C., T.A.Y.) and Neuroinflammation (D.T.C.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Neuroimaging Research Unit (F.A., M.A.R.), Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.G.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and Magnetic Resonance Unit (E.H., D.P.), Department of Radiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
View all articles by this author
B. Moraal, MD
From the VU University Medical Center, Departments of Radiology (S.D.R., B.M., M.P.W., F.B.), Anatomy & Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (J.J.G.G.), and Department of Neurology (B.M.J.U.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences (M.C.), University Hospital of Padova, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Veneto Region, Padova, Italy; Departments of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (O.C., T.A.Y.) and Neuroinflammation (D.T.C.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Neuroimaging Research Unit (F.A., M.A.R.), Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.G.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and Magnetic Resonance Unit (E.H., D.P.), Department of Radiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
View all articles by this author
D. Pareto, PhD
From the VU University Medical Center, Departments of Radiology (S.D.R., B.M., M.P.W., F.B.), Anatomy & Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (J.J.G.G.), and Department of Neurology (B.M.J.U.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences (M.C.), University Hospital of Padova, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Veneto Region, Padova, Italy; Departments of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (O.C., T.A.Y.) and Neuroinflammation (D.T.C.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Neuroimaging Research Unit (F.A., M.A.R.), Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.G.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and Magnetic Resonance Unit (E.H., D.P.), Department of Radiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
View all articles by this author
M.A. Rocca, MD
From the VU University Medical Center, Departments of Radiology (S.D.R., B.M., M.P.W., F.B.), Anatomy & Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (J.J.G.G.), and Department of Neurology (B.M.J.U.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences (M.C.), University Hospital of Padova, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Veneto Region, Padova, Italy; Departments of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (O.C., T.A.Y.) and Neuroinflammation (D.T.C.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Neuroimaging Research Unit (F.A., M.A.R.), Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.G.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and Magnetic Resonance Unit (E.H., D.P.), Department of Radiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
View all articles by this author
M.P. Wattjes, MD
From the VU University Medical Center, Departments of Radiology (S.D.R., B.M., M.P.W., F.B.), Anatomy & Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (J.J.G.G.), and Department of Neurology (B.M.J.U.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences (M.C.), University Hospital of Padova, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Veneto Region, Padova, Italy; Departments of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (O.C., T.A.Y.) and Neuroinflammation (D.T.C.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Neuroimaging Research Unit (F.A., M.A.R.), Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.G.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and Magnetic Resonance Unit (E.H., D.P.), Department of Radiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
View all articles by this author
T.A. Yousry, MD
From the VU University Medical Center, Departments of Radiology (S.D.R., B.M., M.P.W., F.B.), Anatomy & Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (J.J.G.G.), and Department of Neurology (B.M.J.U.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences (M.C.), University Hospital of Padova, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Veneto Region, Padova, Italy; Departments of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (O.C., T.A.Y.) and Neuroinflammation (D.T.C.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Neuroimaging Research Unit (F.A., M.A.R.), Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.G.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and Magnetic Resonance Unit (E.H., D.P.), Department of Radiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
View all articles by this author
B.M.J. Uitdehaag, MD
From the VU University Medical Center, Departments of Radiology (S.D.R., B.M., M.P.W., F.B.), Anatomy & Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (J.J.G.G.), and Department of Neurology (B.M.J.U.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences (M.C.), University Hospital of Padova, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Veneto Region, Padova, Italy; Departments of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (O.C., T.A.Y.) and Neuroinflammation (D.T.C.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Neuroimaging Research Unit (F.A., M.A.R.), Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.G.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and Magnetic Resonance Unit (E.H., D.P.), Department of Radiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
View all articles by this author
F. Barkhof, MD On behalf of the MAGNIMS Study Group
From the VU University Medical Center, Departments of Radiology (S.D.R., B.M., M.P.W., F.B.), Anatomy & Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (J.J.G.G.), and Department of Neurology (B.M.J.U.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences (M.C.), University Hospital of Padova, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Veneto Region, Padova, Italy; Departments of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (O.C., T.A.Y.) and Neuroinflammation (D.T.C.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Neuroimaging Research Unit (F.A., M.A.R.), Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.G.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and Magnetic Resonance Unit (E.H., D.P.), Department of Radiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
View all articles by this author

Notes

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Jeroen J.G. Geurts, VU University Medical Center, Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, MF G-116, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands [email protected]
Study funding: The MS Center Amsterdam is supported by the Dutch MS Research Foundation (05-358c). The NMR Research Unit of the Department of Neuroinflammation is supported by the MS Society Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and Department of Health's NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at UCLH.

Author Contributions

Statistical analysis was conducted by Dr. J.J.G. Geurts and Dr. B.M.J. Uitdehaag.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download Citations

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited By
    • Damiano Marastoni,
    • Matteo Foschi,
    • Chiara Eccher,
    • Francesco Crescenzo,
    • Valentina Mazziotti,
    • Agnese Tamanti,
    • Albulena Bajrami,
    • Valentina Camera,
    • Stefano Ziccardi,
    • Maddalena Guandalini,
    • Francesca Bosello,
    • Daniela Anni,
    • Federica Virla,
    • Ermanna Turano,
    • Michele Romoli,
    • Raffaella Mariotti,
    • Francesca Benedetta Pizzini,
    • Bruno Bonetti,
    • Massimiliano Calabrese,
    CSF levels of Chitinase3like1 correlate with early response to cladribine in multiple sclerosis, Frontiers in Immunology, 15, (2024).https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343892
    Crossref
    • Martina Rubin,
    • Elisabetta Pagani,
    • Paolo Preziosa,
    • Alessandro Meani,
    • Loredana Storelli,
    • Monica Margoni,
    • Massimo Filippi,
    • Maria A. Rocca,
    Cerebrospinal Fluid-In Gradient of Cortical and Deep Gray Matter Damage in Multiple Sclerosis, Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, 11, 4, (2024)./doi/10.1212/NXI.0000000000200271
    Abstract
    • Damiano Marastoni,
    • Ermanna Turano,
    • Agnese Tamanti,
    • Elisa Colato,
    • Anna Isabella Pisani,
    • Arianna Scartezzini,
    • Silvia Carotenuto,
    • Valentina Mazziotti,
    • Valentina Camera,
    • Daniela Anni,
    • Stefano Ziccardi,
    • Maddalena Guandalini,
    • Francesca B. Pizzini,
    • Federica Virla,
    • Raffaella Mariotti,
    • Roberta Magliozzi,
    • Bruno Bonetti,
    • Lawrence Steinman,
    • Massimiliano Calabrese,
    Association of Levels of CSF Osteopontin With Cortical Atrophy and Disability in Early Multiple Sclerosis, Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, 11, 5, (2024)./doi/10.1212/NXI.0000000000200265
    Abstract
    • Serena Borrelli,
    • Maria Sofia Martire,
    • Anna Stölting,
    • Colin Vanden Bulcke,
    • Edoardo Pedrini,
    • François Guisset,
    • Céline Bugli,
    • Halil Yildiz,
    • Lucie Pothen,
    • Sophie Elands,
    • Vittorio Martinelli,
    • Bryan Smith,
    • Steven Jacobson,
    • Renaud A. Du Pasquier,
    • Vincent Van Pesch,
    • Massimo Filippi,
    • Daniel S. Reich,
    • Martina Absinta,
    • Pietro Maggi,
    Central Vein Sign, Cortical Lesions, and Paramagnetic Rim Lesions for the Diagnostic and Prognostic Workup of Multiple Sclerosis, Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, 11, 4, (2024)./doi/10.1212/NXI.0000000000200253
    Abstract
    • Olaf Hoffmann,
    • Ralf Gold,
    • Sven G. Meuth,
    • Ralf A. Linker,
    • Thomas Skripuletz,
    • Heinz Wiendl,
    • Mike P. Wattjes,
    Prognostic relevance of MRI in early relapsing multiple sclerosis: ready to guide treatment decision making?, Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, 17, (2024).https://doi.org/10.1177/17562864241229325
    Crossref
    • Serena Borrelli,
    • François Guisset,
    • Colin Vanden Bulcke,
    • Anna Stölting,
    • Céline Bugli,
    • Valentina Lolli,
    • Renaud Du Pasquier,
    • Vincent van Pesch,
    • Martina Absinta,
    • Marco Pasi,
    • Pietro Maggi,
    Enlarged perivascular spaces are associated with brain microangiopathy and aging in multiple sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 30, 8, (983-993), (2024).https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585241256881
    Crossref
    • Àlex Rovira,
    • Cristina Auger,
    • Sofía Sceppacuercia,
    • Carlos Torres,
    Typical and Emerging Diagnostic MRI Features in Multiple Sclerosis, Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal, (2024).https://doi.org/10.1177/08465371241261847
    Crossref
    • Muhamed Barakovic,
    • Matthias Weigel,
    • Alessandro Cagol,
    • Sabine Schaedelin,
    • Riccardo Galbusera,
    • Po-Jui Lu,
    • Xinjie Chen,
    • Lester Melie-Garcia,
    • Mario Ocampo-Pineda,
    • Erik Bahn,
    • Christine Stadelmann,
    • Marco Palombo,
    • Ludwig Kappos,
    • Jens Kuhle,
    • Stefano Magon,
    • Cristina Granziera,
    A novel imaging marker of cortical “cellularity” in multiple sclerosis patients, Scientific Reports, 14, 1, (2024).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-60497-6
    Crossref
    • Alessandro Cagol,
    • Charidimos Tsagkas,
    • Cristina Granziera,
    Advanced Brain Imaging in Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases, Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, 34, 3, (335-357), (2024).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nic.2024.03.003
    Crossref
    • Anthony Traboulsee,
    • David K.B. Li,
    Routine MR Imaging Protocol and Standardization in Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases, Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, 34, 3, (317-334), (2024).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nic.2024.03.002
    Crossref
  11. See more

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Personal login Institutional Login
Purchase Options

The neurology.org payment platform is currently offline. Our technical team is working as quickly as possible to restore service.

If you need immediate support or to place an order, please call or email customer service:

  • 1-800-638-3030 for U.S. customers - 8:30 - 7 pm ET (M-F)
  • 1-301-223-2300 for customers outside the U.S. - 8:30 - 7 pm ET (M-F)
  • [email protected]

We appreciate your patience during this time and apologize for any inconvenience.

View options

PDF and All Supplements

Download PDF and Supplementary Material

Full Text

View Full Text

Full Text HTML

View Full Text HTML

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share article link

Share

View full text|Download PDF