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October 24, 2012

Neurofascin as a target for autoantibodies in peripheral neuropathies

Judy King Man Ng, Joachim Malotka, Naoto Kawakami, PhD, Tobias Derfuss, MD, Mohsen Khademi, PhD, Tomas Olsson, MD, PhD, Christopher Linington, PhD, … Show All … , Masaaki Odaka, MD, PhD, Björn Tackenberg, MD, Harald Prüss, MD, Jan M. Schwab, MD, PhD, Lutz Harms, MD, Hendrik Harms, MD, Claudia Sommer, MD, Matthew N. Rasband, PhD, Yael Eshed-Eisenbach, PhD, Elior Peles, PhD, Reinhard Hohlfeld, MD, Nobuhiro Yuki, MD, PhD, Klaus Dornmair, PhD, and Edgar Meinl, MDAuthors Info & Affiliations
December 4, 2012 issue
79 (23) 2241-2248
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31827689ad
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ABSTRACT

Objectives:

We asked whether autoantibodies against neurofascin (NF)186 or NF155, both localized at the nodes of Ranvier, are present in serum of patients with inflammatory neuropathy, and whether NF-specific monoclonal antibodies are pathogenic in vivo.

Methods:

We cloned human NF155 and NF186, and developed an ELISA and cell-based assay to screen for antibodies to human NF in a total of 434 donors including 294 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome variants acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), acute motor axonal neuropathy, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). We characterized reactive samples by isotyping, tissue section staining, and epitope mapping. We also injected NF-specific monoclonal antibodies IV into rats with experimental autoimmune neuritis.

Results:

We detected autoantibodies to NF by ELISA in 4% of patients with AIDP and CIDP, but not in controls. Most positive samples contained immunoglobulin G (IgG)1, IgG3, or IgG4 antibodies directed to only one isoform of NF. Two patients with CIDP showed particularly high (1:10,000 dilution) NF155-specific reactivity in both assays and stained paranodes. Two other patients with CIDP who benefited from plasma exchange exhibited antibodies to NF155 by ELISA, and upon affinity purification, antibodies to both isoforms were observed by both assays. Anti-NF monoclonal antibodies enhanced and prolonged induced neuritis in rats.

Conclusions:

Autoantibodies to NF are detected in a very small proportion of patients with AIDP and patients with CIDP, but may nevertheless be pathogenic in these cases.

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Supplementary Material

File (neurofascin.pdf)
File (wnl204472-supplementary.pdf)
File (wnl204480.pdf)

STUDY FUNDING

Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 571), the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (“Krankheitsbezogenes Kompetenznetz Multiple Sklerose”), the Excellency Initiative of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, and the Gemeinnützige-Hertie Stiftung. C.S. received research support from Genzyme Corp., Bayer, the German Research Foundation (SFB 581), and the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research of the University of Würzburg. E.P. is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NS50220) and the Israel Science Foundation.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Neurology®
Volume 79 • Number 23 • December 4, 2012
Pages: 2241-2248
PubMed: 23100406

Copyright

© 2012 American Academy of Neurology.

Publication History

Received: April 19, 2012
Accepted: August 10, 2012
Published online: October 24, 2012
Published in print: December 4, 2012

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Disclosure

J.K.M. Ng, J. Malotka, and N. Kawakami report no disclosures. T. Derfuss serves on scientific advisory boards for Novartis, Merck Serono, Biogen Idec, and Bayer Schering Pharma; has received funding for travel or speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Novartis, Merck Serono, and Bayer Schering Pharma; and receives research support from Novartis, Merck Serono, the German Research Foundation, the European Union, and the Swiss MS Society. M. Khademi reports no disclosures. T. Olsson has received unrestricted support for MS research from Biogen Idec, Bayer-Schering Pharma, Sanofi-Aventis, TEVA, Novartis, and Merck Serono. The same companies have given lecture fees or compensations for consultancy. C. Linington, M. Odaka, D.B. Tackenberg, H. Prüss, and J. Schwab report no disclosures. L. Harms received personal compensation from Novartis, Biogen-Idec, Merck-Serono, Bayer, and Biomarin for speaking, and travel support from Bayer, Biomarin, and Biogen-Idec. He received personal compensation from Biomarin for consulting services and from Novartis as a member of the advisory board. H. Harms reports no disclosures. C. Sommer has served on scientific advisory boards for Astellas Pharma Inc., Baxter Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Grünenthal, Pfizer Inc., and UCB; and has received speaker honoraria from Allergan, Baxter Inc., CSL Behring, Eli Lilly, Genzyme Corp, Grünenthal, GSK, and Pfizer Inc. M.N. Rasband, Y. Eshed-Eisenbach, and E. Peles report no disclosures. R. Hohlfeld received personal compensations and grant support from Teva, Bayer, Merck-Serono, Sanofi-Aventis, Biogen-Idec, and Novartis. N. Yuki is in the Advisory Panel of “Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics” and received research support from the National Medical Research Council, Ministry of Health, Singapore. K. Dornmair reports no disclosures. E. Meinl received honorarium from TEVA and Novartis and grant support from Novartis. Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures.

Authors

Affiliations & Disclosures

Judy King Man Ng
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Joachim Malotka
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Naoto Kawakami, PhD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Tobias Derfuss, MD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
Scientific advisory boards for (1) Biogen Idec, (2) Novartis Pharma, (3) Genzyme, (4) Merck Serono, (5) Bayer Schering
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
travel and speaker honoraria from (1) Bayer Schering, (2) Biogen Idec, (3) Merck Serono, (4) Novartis Pharma
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
My wife is an employee of Novartis Pharma.
Consultancies:
1.
(1) Mitsubishi Pharma
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
(1) Novartis Pharma, (2) Merck Serono, (3) Biogen Idec
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
(1) Swiss MS Society
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Mohsen Khademi, PhD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Tomas Olsson, MD, PhD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
scientific advisory boards: Merck-Serono 2008-2010, BiogenIdec 2006- 2012 and SanofiAventis 2006-2012, Novartis 2009-2012. With all of them advice with regard to therapy in multiple sclerosis
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
For lectures on Multiple sclerosis, Novartis 2008 and BiogenIdec 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012. SanofiAventis and Merck 2010, Genzyme 2012.
Editorial Boards:
1.
Co-editor 2006 in Current opinion in Immunology
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
1)Merck, 2)BiogenIdec, 3)SanofiAventis, 4)Bayer, 5) Novartis
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
Tomas Olsson (TO) has received grant support from The Swedish Research council (07488), EU fp6 Neuropromise (LSHM-CT-2005-018637) and EURATools (LSHG-CT-2005-019015), EU fp 6 Neurinox 2012-2015, Swedish Brain foundation, Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation.
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
The Söderbergs foundation, Bibbi and Nils Jensens Foundation, the Montel Williams foundation, The Swedish Brain foundation. TO has also received unrestricted research grants from Bayer Schering, Sanofi-Aventis and Biogen Idec.
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Christopher Linington, PhD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Hertie Stiftung: Antibody mediated axoglial damage in MS, MacDonald Trust: Diagnostic/prognostic potential of intra-thecal antibody responses, Multiple Sclerosis Society (UK), 1. The functional significance of autoimmune responses to transient Axonal glycoprotein-1 in the pathogenesis of cortical lesions. 2. Functional significance of neurofascin-specific autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis. Wellcome Trust: Diet and autoimmunity: modulation of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein specific T cell repertoire by the milk protein butyrophilin.
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
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Masaaki Odaka, MD, PhD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
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Björn Tackenberg, MD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
Served on scientific advisory boards for (1) Biogen-idec Germany and USA, (2) Bayer Healthcare Germany and USA, (3) Novartis Germany, (4) Merck-Serono Germany, (5) Octapharma Germany, (6) CSL Behring Germany, (7) GRIFOLS Germany
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
received speaker honoraria from (1) Biogen-idec Germany and USA, (2) Bayer Healthcare Germany and USA, (3) Novartis Germany, (4) Merck-Serono Germany, (5) TEVA Germany, (6) Sanofi-Aventis Germany, (7) Octapharma Germany, (8) CSL Behring Germany, (9) GRIFOLS Germany, (10) GSK Germany
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
received Consultancy fees from (1) Biogen-idec Germany and USA, (2) Bayer Healthcare Germany and USA, (3) Novartis Germany, (4) Merck-Serono Germany, (5) Octapharma Germany, (6) CSL Behring Germany, (7) GRIFOLS Germany
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
(1) Bayer Healthcare Germany, (2) Biogen-idec Germany, (3) Novartis Germany, (4) Sanofi-Aventis Germany
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
(1) Marburg University Trust
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Förderverein Neurologie e. V. (FN), German Myasthenia gravis Society (DMG), German Society of Neurology (DGN)
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Harald Prüss, MD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Jan M. Schwab, MD, PhD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
(1): ZNS-Hannelore Kohl Foundation, Bonn Wings for Life Spinal Cord Research Foundation
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
Editorial Board Member, “Brain”, since 10/2010.
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
BCRT (Berlin Center for Regenerating Therapies), IFP - Zürich German Research Concil (DFG, GRK), Wings for Life Spinal Cord Research (Travel grant)
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Lutz Harms, MD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
I received personal compensation from Novartis and Biogen Idec as a member of advisory board.
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
I received personal compensation from Novartis, Biogen-Idec, Merck-Serono, Bayer and Biomarin for speaking. I received travel support from Bayer Vital, Biomarin and Biogen-Idec
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
I received personal compensation from Biomarin for consulting services.
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
I received financial support for research activities from Biogen-Idec and Bayer Vital.
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Hendrik Harms, MD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Claudia Sommer, MD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
Astellas Pharma Inc. Baxter International Inc. Eli Lilly and Company Pfizer Inc UCB
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
Astellas Pharma Inc. Allergan Baxter International Inc. CSL Behring Eli Lilly and Company Pfizer Inc
Editorial Boards:
1.
Associate Editor, Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, Associate Editor, PAIN, Academic Editor, PlosOne
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
German Research Foundation (DFG), SFB 581, Grant No A7, 2009-2012
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Matthew N. Rasband, PhD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
1. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Review Editor, 2011-present, 2. Journal of Clinical Investigation, Editorial board, 2012 - present, 3. Journal of Neuroscience Research, Editorial board, 2010-present, 4. ASN Neuro, Editorial board, 2010-present
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
National Institutes of Health, NS044916, PI, 2002-present
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Yael Eshed-Eisenbach, PhD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Elior Peles, PhD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
Associate Editor, Journal of Neuroscience, Editorial Board, ASN NEURO, Editorial Board, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Section Head, Neuronal and Glial Biology, Faculty of 1000 Editorial Advisory Group, F1000 Research
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
The National Institute of Health, NS50220, The Israel Science Foundation
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
The National Institute of Health, NS50220, The Israel Science Foundation
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Reinhard Hohlfeld, MD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
Served on Scientific Advisory boards for Novartis (since 2008); Biogen-Idec (since 2005); Bayer-Schering (2001-2009); Merck-Serono (since 2005); Sanofi-Aventis (since 2003); Teva (since 1999) Served on data safety monitoring boards for Novartis (since 2004); Merck Serono (since 2007); CSL Behring (since 2010)
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
Received funding for trips from Novartis (2008, 2009, 2010)); Biogen-Idec (2008, 2009, 2010); Bayer-Schering (2008-2009); Merck-Serono (2008, 2009, 2010); Sanofi-Aventis (2008, 2009, 2010); Teva (2008)
Editorial Boards:
1.
Serve as editorial board member of Neurology (currently); Brain; Clinical and Experimental Immunology; Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift; Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy; Journal of Neuroimmunology; Multiple Sclerosis; Nervenarzt; Practical Neurology; Seminars in Immunopathology; Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
Receive consulting fees from from Novartis (2007 to present); Biogen-Idec (2000 to present); Bayer-Schering (1993-2009); Merck-Serono (2005 to present); Sanofi-Aventis (2003 to present); Teva (1999 to present)
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
Received grant support from Novartis (2008 to present); Biogen-Idec (2005-2009); Bayer-Schering (2001-2006); Teva (1999-2007)
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Nobuhiro Yuki, MD, PhD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
Advisory panel of Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 2001 to present, Associate editor of Journal of the neurological sciences, 2003 to present, Associate editor of journal of neuroimmunology, 2005 to 2009, Editorial board of Journal of the peripheral nervous systems, 2007 to present
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Klaus Dornmair, PhD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft SFB571
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Edgar Meinl, MD
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (J.K.M.N., J.M., N.K., R.H., K.D., E.M.), Martinsried, Germany; Department of Neurology and Biomedicine (T.D.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit (M.K., T.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Neuroscience (C.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (M.O.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.T.), Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps University, Marburg; Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P., J.M.S., L.H.), Charité, Berlin; Neurology Clinic (H.H.), St. Josef-Krankenhaus, Potsdam; Neurology Clinic (C.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience (M.N.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and Department of Medicine (N.Y.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
Honorarium from TEVA, Novartis
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
Journal of Pathology, Editorial board, 2010, Clinical Experimental Immunology, Editorial Board, 2010
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
Grant from Novartis
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
(1) DFG, SFB 571, (2) DFG, SFB TRR 128, (3) BMBF, KKNMS
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author

Notes

Correspondence & reprint requests to Dr. Meinl: [email protected]
Study funding: Funding information is provided at the end of the article.
Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures. Disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of this article.

Author Contributions

J.K.M. Ng: drafting/revising the manuscript, study concept or design, analysis or interpretation of data, contribution of vital reagent/tools, acquisition of data, statistical analysis. J. Matlotka: analysis or interpretation of data, contribution of vital reagents/tools, acquisition of data. N. Kawakami: study concept or design, analysis or interpretation of data, contribution of vital reagents/tools, acquisition of data, statistical analysis. T. Derfuss: drafting/revising the manuscript, study concept or design, contribution of vital reagent/tools, acquisition of data. M. Khademi: analysis or interpretation of data, contribution of vital reagent/tools. T: Olsson: analysis or interpretation of data, contribution of vital reagent/tools. C. Linington: drafting/revising the manuscript. M. Odaka: analysis or interpretation of data, contribution of vital reagent/tools. B. Tackenberg: analysis or interpretation of data, contribution of vital reagent/tools. H. Prüss: drafting/revising the manuscript, analysis or interpretation of data, contribution of vital reagent/tools. J. Schwab: analysis or interpretation of data, contribution of vital reagent/tools. L. Harms: analysis or interpretation of data, contribution of vital reagent/tools. H. Harms: analysis or interpretation of data, contribution of vital reagent/tools. C. Sommer: analysis or interpretation of data, contribution of vital reagent/tools. M.N. Rasband: drafting/revising the manuscript, contribution of vital reagent/tools. Y. Eshed-Eisenbach: analysis or interpretation of data, acquisition of data. E. Peles: drafting/revising the manuscript, contribution of vital reagent/tools. R. Hohlfeld: drafting/revising the manuscript, study concept or design. N. Yuki: drafting/revising the manuscript, contribution of vital reagent/tools. K. Dornmair: drafting/revising the manuscript, study concept or design, analysis or interpretation of data, contribution of vital reagent/tools, study supervision or coordination. E. Meinl: drafting/revising the manuscript, study concept or design, analysis or interpretation of data, statistical analysis, study supervision or coordination, obtaining funding.

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