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January 28, 2013

Criteria for the diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration

Melissa J. Armstrong, MD, Irene Litvan, MD, Anthony E. Lang, MD, Thomas H. Bak, MD, Kailash P. Bhatia, MD, Barbara Borroni, MD, Adam L. Boxer, MD, PhD, … Show All … , Dennis W. Dickson, MD, Murray Grossman, MD, Mark Hallett, MD, Keith A. Josephs, MD, Andrew Kertesz, MD, Suzee E. Lee, MD, Bruce L. Miller, MD, Stephen G. Reich, MD, David E. Riley, MD, Eduardo Tolosa, MD, Alexander I. Tröster, PhD, Marie Vidailhet, MD, and William J. Weiner, MDAuthors Info & Affiliations
January 29, 2013 issue
80 (5) 496-503
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31827f0fd1
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Abstract

Current criteria for the clinical diagnosis of pathologically confirmed corticobasal degeneration (CBD) no longer reflect the expanding understanding of this disease and its clinicopathologic correlations. An international consortium of behavioral neurology, neuropsychology, and movement disorders specialists developed new criteria based on consensus and a systematic literature review. Clinical diagnoses (early or late) were identified for 267 nonoverlapping pathologically confirmed CBD cases from published reports and brain banks. Combined with consensus, 4 CBD phenotypes emerged: corticobasal syndrome (CBS), frontal behavioral-spatial syndrome (FBS), nonfluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia (naPPA), and progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome (PSPS). Clinical features of CBD cases were extracted from descriptions of 209 brain bank and published patients, providing a comprehensive description of CBD and correcting common misconceptions. Clinical CBD phenotypes and features were combined to create 2 sets of criteria: more specific clinical research criteria for probable CBD and broader criteria for possible CBD that are more inclusive but have a higher chance to detect other tau-based pathologies. Probable CBD criteria require insidious onset and gradual progression for at least 1 year, age at onset ≥50 years, no similar family history or known tau mutations, and a clinical phenotype of probable CBS or either FBS or naPPA with at least 1 CBS feature. The possible CBD category uses similar criteria but has no restrictions on age or family history, allows tau mutations, permits less rigorous phenotype fulfillment, and includes a PSPS phenotype. Future validation and refinement of the proposed criteria are needed.

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Supplementary Material

File (appendix_e-1.docx)
File (table_e-1.docx)

STUDY FUNDING

The 1st International CBD Investigators Meeting was funded by a donation from Irene Pollin and the late Abe Pollin and from the Litvan Neurological Research Foundation. Melissa J. Armstrong received support as an Edmond J. Safra fellow at Toronto Western Hospital while working on this project.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Neurology®
Volume 80 • Number 5 • January 29, 2013
Pages: 496-503
PubMed: 23359374

Copyright

© 2013 American Academy of Neurology.

Publication History

Received: June 6, 2012
Accepted: August 30, 2012
Published online: January 28, 2013
Published in print: January 29, 2013

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Disclosure

The authors report no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures.

Authors

Affiliations & Disclosures

Melissa J. Armstrong, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
Neurology, Level of Evidence Review Team, 2012
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
Dr. Armstrong is a sub-investigator on a study sponsored by Abbott.
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Dr. Armstrong was partially funded by a Edmond J Safra Fellowship at Toronto Western Hospital while working on this project.
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
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Irene Litvan, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
Abbott, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, General Electric Healthcare
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
Associate Editor: Frontiers in Movement Disorders, Frontiers in Neurology (2010-Present)Editorial Boards: Clinical Neurology News, Elsevier/International Medical News Group (2004-Present); Journal of Neurology & Neurophysiology- Open Access (2010-Present); Archivos de Neurología, Neurocirugía y Neuropsiquiatría (2007-present)
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
Litvan Neurological Research Foundation (CEO)
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
Parkinson Study Group, National Parkinson Foundation, CurePSP, Parkinson Support Center of Kentuckiana, Noscira, Allon Therapeutics, Novartis,Chelsea
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Aging, R01 PAS-03-092 (PI) 2006-2013
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
University of Louisville, PI 2008, 2009 Center for Environmental Genomics and Integrative Biology(PI) 2008
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Litvan Neurological Research Foundation; Parkinson Support Center of Kentuckiana; National Parkinson Foundation Parkinson Study Group, CurePSP
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Anthony E. Lang, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
Dr. Lang has served as an advisor for Abbott, Allon Therapeutics, Biovail, Boerhinger-Ingelheim, Cephalon, Ceregene, Eisai, Medtronic, Lundbeck A/S, NeuroMolecular, Novartis, Merck Serono, Solvay, and Teva, and received grants from Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Dystonia Medical Research Foundation, Michael J. Fox Foundation, National Parkinson Foundation, Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre, Parkinson's Disease Foundation.
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
Schapira A, Lang AE, Fahn S. Movement Disorders 4. Saunders, Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA 2009.Olanow CW, Stocchi F, Lang AE. The Non-motor and Non-Dopaminergic Features of Parkinson's Disease. Wiley-Blackwell, UK. 2011.
Weiner WJ, Shulman LM, Lang AE. Parkinson's Disease: A Complete Guide for Patients and Families. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2001
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research,
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Dystonia Medical Research Foundation, Michael J. Fox Foundation, National Parkinson Foundation, Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre, Parkinson's Disease Foundation, and
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
Ceregene
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
Welding rod companies
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Thomas H. Bak, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Kailash P. Bhatia, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
Funding for travel: (1) GlaxoSmithKline, (2) Orion Corporation, (3) Ipsen, (4) Merz Pharmaceuticals, LLC.Speaker honoraria: (1) GlaxoSmithKline, (2) Ipsen, (3) Merz Pharmaceuticals, LLC, (4) Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Editorial Boards:
1.
(1) Movement Disorders, Editorial Board, (2) Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, Editorial Board
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
(1) Oxford Specialist Handbook of Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders, Oxford University Press, 2008
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
(1) Ipsen
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
(1) Halley Stewart Trust through Dystonia Society UK, (2) the Wellcome Trust MRC strategic neurodegenerative disease initiative award (WT089698), (3) Parkinson's UK
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Barbara Borroni, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Adam L. Boxer, MD, PhD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
I have served on Medical Advisory Boards for: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Plexxikon and Phloronol.
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
The Disinhibited Brain: A Portrait of FrontotemporalDementia. Discover Magazine Presents the Brain. 2010
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
Bristol Myers Squibb, EnVivo, Genentech, Phloronol,Plexxikon, Registrat-Mapi, Neurophage and TauRx
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
I received research support from Allon, Avid, BMS, Elan,Forest, Genentech, Janssen, Medivation, Novartis, and Pfizer for conducting clinical trials
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NIH: R01AG031278 (PI), R01AG038791(PI), R01AG032306 (co-I), R01AG022983 (Co-I)
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, Association for Frontotemporal Dementias, CurePSP, Hellman Family Foundation, John Douglas French Foundation, Silicon Valley Foundation and the Tau Research Consortium
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Dennis W. Dickson, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
Editorial board member of: American Journal of Pathology, Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, Brain Pathology, Neurobiology of Aging, Annals of Neurology, Neuropathology, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology.
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
P50-AG25711, P50-AG16574, P50-NS72187, P01-AG17216, P01-AG03949, R01-AG15866
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Cure PSP/Society for PSP
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Murray Grossman, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
Allon Pharmaceutical;TauRx;Bristol Myers Squibb
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
Neurology, Editorial Advisory Board
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
Forest, consultant, 2010;Allon, 2011
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
Research support from NIH:AG17586, AG15116, NS44266, NS53488, AG32953
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Mark Hallett, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
Neurotoxin institute, Chair of Medical Advisory Board (2006-present)
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
Travel expenses and honoraria in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 from Neurotoxin Institute. Travel expenses and honoraria in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 also received for lectures or educational activities not funded by industry.
Editorial Boards:
1.
Clinical Neurophysiology*1999 - present Editor-in-Chief, Western Hemisphere2000 - 2003
Editor-in-Chief (sole)2004 - 2007 Honorary Consulting Editor2008 -- present Brain 1994 - 1998
Associate Editor 2006 - 2011 Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 1994 - present Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 1995 - present Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1997 - present Medical Problems of Performing Artists 1997 - present Annals of Neurology 2000 - 2005
2007 - present Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology 2000 - present The Cerebellum 2000 - present NeuroRx 2002 - present Current Trends in Neurology 2003 - present Faculty of 1000 Biology 2003 - present European Neurology 2005 - present Faculty of 1000 Medicine 2005 - present Brain Stimulation 2007 - present
Associate Editor 2007 - 2011 Journal of Movement Disorders (Korea)2008 - present World Neurology 2005 - present Editor in Chief 2008 -- 2012
Patents:
1.
2004 US 6,780,413 B2 (August 24, 2004) Immunotoxin (MAB-Ricin) for the treatment of focal movement disorders. Inventors: J. Hott, R. Youle, M. Hallett and M. Dalakas.
2000 US 7,407,478 (August 5, 2008) Coil for Magnetic Stimulation and methods for using the same. Inventors: A. Zangen, R. Wise, M. Hallett, Y. Roth, P. Miranda. (European Patent Office 01987684.6-2305-US0150737)
Publishing Royalties:
1.
Royalities in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 from Blackwell Publisher, Cambridge University Press, Springer Verlag, Taylor & Francis Group, Oxford University Press, John Wiley & Sons, and Elsevier for about 10 different books.
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
Ariston Pharmaceuticals, a CRADA with NIH to support experimental pharmaceutical therapy for essential tremor (PI, 2007-present); BCN Peptides, a CTA with NIH to support experimental pharmaceutical therapy for blepharospasm (PI, 2010-present).
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Intramural Program (1984 to present)US Army, Grant for study of non-invasive brain stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PI, 2007-2010)
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NIH (from Brainsway) for licensing the patent for the H-coil
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Keith A. Josephs, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NIH/NIDCD (R01-DC010367), PI NIH/NIA (R01-AG037491), PI NIH/NIA (R21-AG38736), Co-I
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
The DANA Foundation - PI
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Andrew Kertesz, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
Cognitive and Behavioral neurology, Editorial board since 2003 Aphasiology since 1990
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
The Western Aphasia battery, Pearson (Grune and Stratton)1982
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
American Neurological Society: The John Whitaker professorship,
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Suzee E. Lee, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NIH AG 1K23AG039414 - 01A1, PI (2011-2016)
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Tau Consortium, PI (2010-2012)
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Bruce L. Miller, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
1. Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Study (DSMB)
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
1. Neurocase, Editor, 2003- 2. ADAD, Associate Editor, 2009
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
Behavioral Neurology of Dementia, Cambridge 2009 Handbook of Neurology, Elsevier 2009 The Human Frontal Lobes, Guilford, 2008
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
1. Allon Pharmaceutircals 2. Novartis 3. TauRx
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
Novartis
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
1. NIA P50 AG23501 PI, (2004-) 2. NIA P01 AG19724 PI, (2002-) 3. State of California Alzheimer's Center PI (1999-)
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Stephen G. Reich, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
Royalties from Informa for: Reich SG. Movement Disorders: 100 Instructive Cases.
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
Chiltern; Synosia; Phytopharm: research support.
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
1.NINDS (site PI)
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
David E. Riley, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
(1) Allergan, speaker honoraria (2) Ipsen, speaker honoraria (3) Lundbeck, speaker honoraria (4) Merz, speaker honoraria (5) Teva, speaker honoraria
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
(1) Allergan (2) Ipsen (3) Lundbeck (4) Merz (5) Teva
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Eduardo Tolosa, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
Data safety monitoring dor Novartis
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
honoraria as a speaker for UCB, Boeringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Abbot, Medtronic, Solvay, GSK
Editorial Boards:
1.
Editorial advisory board member for Journal Neurological Sciencies
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
The Michael J Fox foundation for Parkinson's Disease Novartis UCB Abbot Teva
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
-Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Seguridad Social (FISS)PI0810155 Principal Investigator From 2008 to 2013
- European Project for Mendelian Forms of Parkinson's Disease ( MEFOPA) PI040438 Principal Investigator from 2010 to 2012
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Alexander I. Tröster, PhD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
(1) St Jude Medical (2) Medtronic (3)Boston Scientific
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
(1) Medtronic (2) St Jude Medical
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
Neuropsychological Assessment (50% effort)
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Marie Vidailhet, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
scientific advisory board for Novartis, Boehringer
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
travel expenses from the European Neurological Society European Federation of Neurological Society Movement Disorders Society Dystonia Medical Research Foundation
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
French national funding for clinical research: DRC (PHRC 2006 deep brain stimulation in dystonia, PI); ANR 2009, DHOS-INSERM (neuroimaging in parkinsonism, co-PI
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
French national funding for clinical research:DRC (PHRC 2006 deep brain stimulation in dystonia, PI); ANR 2009, DHOS-INSERM (neuroimaging in parkinsonism, co-PI;
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
French Dystonia Foundation (AMADYS and alliance France Dystonie); Essential Tremor Foundation (CERTRE)
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
William J. Weiner, MD
From the University of Maryland (M.J.A., S.G.R., W.J.W.), Baltimore; University of California San Diego (I.L.), San Diego; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Edinburgh University (T.H.B.), Edinburgh, UK; Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience (K.P.B.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; University of Brescia (B.B.), Brescia, Italy; University of California San Francisco (A.L.B., S.E.L., B.L.M.), San Francisco; Mayo Clinic (D.W.D.), Jacksonville, FL; University of Pennsylvania (M.G.), Philadelphia; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic (K.A.J.), Rochester, MN; University of Western Ontario (A.K.), London, Canada; Case Western Reserve University (D.E.R.), Cleveland, OH; Neurology Service (E.T.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Barrow Neurological Institute (A.I.T.), Phoenix, AZ; and Hôpital de la Salpetrière (M.V.), Pierre Marie Curie Paris-6 University and CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975 CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
Served on the scientific advisory boards for (1) Santhera; (2) Rexahn
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
(1) Current Treatment Options in Neurology - Editor; (2) Parkinsonism and Related Disorders - Editorial Board (3) Journal of Neurological Reviews
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
Royalties from Lippicott Williams Wilkins, Elsevier, Hopkins
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author

Notes

Correspondence to Dr. Litvan: [email protected]
Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.

Author Contributions

Melissa J. Armstrong, MD: analysis or interpretation of the data, drafting the manuscript, revising the manuscript. Irene Litvan, MD: design or conceptualization of the study, analysis or interpretation of the data, drafting the manuscript, revising the manuscript. Anthony E. Lang, MD: analysis or interpretation of the data, drafting the manuscript, revising the manuscript. Thomas H. Bak, MD: analysis or interpretation of the data, revising the manuscript. Kailash P. Bhatia, MD: analysis or interpretation of the data, revising the manuscript. Barbara Borroni, MD: analysis or interpretation of the data, revising the manuscript. Adam L. Boxer, MD, PhD: analysis or interpretation of the data, revising the manuscript. Dennis W. Dickson, MD: analysis or interpretation of the data, revising the manuscript. Murray Grossman, MD: analysis or interpretation of the data, revising the manuscript. Mark Hallett, MD: analysis or interpretation of the data, revising the manuscript. Keith A. Josephs, MD: analysis or interpretation of the data, revising the manuscript. Andrew Kertesz, MD: analysis or interpretation of the data, revising the manuscript. Suzee E. Lee, MD: analysis or interpretation of the data, revising the manuscript. Bruce L. Miller, MD: analysis or interpretation of the data, revising the manuscript. Stephen G. Reich, MD: analysis or interpretation of the data, revising the manuscript. David E. Riley, MD: analysis or interpretation of the data, revising the manuscript. Eduardo Tolosa, MD: analysis or interpretation of the data, revising the manuscript. Alexander I. Tröster, PhD: analysis or interpretation of the data, revising the manuscript. Marie Vidailhet, MD: analysis or interpretation of the data, revising the manuscript. William J. Weiner, MD: analysis or interpretation of the data, revising the manuscript.

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