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September 27, 2010

A comprehensive analysis of deletions, multiplications, and copy number variations in PARK2

D.M. Kay, PhD, C.F. Stevens, PhD, T.H. Hamza, PhD, J.S. Montimurro, BS, C.P. Zabetian, MD, MS, S.A. Factor, DO, A. Samii, MD, … Show All … , A. Griffith, MD, J.W. Roberts, MD, E.S. Molho, MD, D.S. Higgins, MD, S. Gancher, MD, L. Moses, BS, S. Zareparsi, PhD, P. Poorkaj, PhD, T. Bird, MD, J. Nutt, MD, G.D. Schellenberg, PhD, and H. Payami, PhDAuthors Info & Affiliations
September 28, 2010 issue
75 (13) 1189-1194
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f4d832
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Abstract

Objectives: To perform a comprehensive population genetic study of PARK2. PARK2 mutations are associated with juvenile parkinsonism, Alzheimer disease, cancer, leprosy, and diabetes mellitus, yet ironically, there has been no comprehensive study of PARK2 in control subjects; and to resolve controversial association of PARK2 heterozygous mutations with Parkinson disease (PD) in a well-powered study.
Methods: We studied 1,686 control subjects (mean age 66.1 ± 13.1 years) and 2,091 patients with PD (mean onset age 58.3 ± 12.1 years). We tested for PARK2 deletions/multiplications/copy number variations (CNV) using semiquantitative PCR and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and validated the mutations by real-time quantitative PCR. Subjects were tested for point mutations previously. Association with PD was tested as PARK2 main effect, and in combination with known PD risk factors: SNCA, MAPT, APOE, smoking, and coffee intake.
Results: A total of 0.95% of control subjects and 0.86% of patients carried a heterozygous CNV mutation. CNV mutations found in 16 control subjects were all in exons 1–4, sparing exons that encode functionally critical protein domains. Thirteen patients had 2 CNV mutations, 5 had 1 CNV and 1 point mutation, and 18 had 1 CNV mutation. Mutations found in patients spanned exons 2–9. In whites, having 1 CNV was not associated with increased risk (odds ratio 1.05, p = 0.89) or earlier onset of PD (64.7 ± 8.6 heterozygous vs 58.5 ± 11.8 normal).
Conclusions: This comprehensive population genetic study in control subjects fills the void for a PARK2 reference dataset. There is no compelling evidence for association of heterozygous PARK2 mutations, by themselves or in combination with known risk factors, with PD.

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Supplementary Material

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Neurology®
Volume 75 • Number 13 • September 28, 2010
Pages: 1189-1194
PubMed: 20876472

Copyright

© 2010.

Publication History

Published online: September 27, 2010
Published in print: September 28, 2010

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Keyword

  1. ARJP = autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism; CI = confidence interval; CNV = copy number variation; MAP = moving average plots; MLPA = multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification; NGRC = NeuroGenetics Research Consortium; OR = odds ratio; PD = Parkinson disease.

Authors

Affiliations & Disclosures

D.M. Kay, PhD
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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C.F. Stevens, PhD
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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T.H. Hamza, PhD
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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J.S. Montimurro, BS
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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C.P. Zabetian, MD, MS
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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S.A. Factor, DO
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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A. Samii, MD
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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A. Griffith, MD
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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J.W. Roberts, MD
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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E.S. Molho, MD
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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D.S. Higgins, MD
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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S. Gancher, MD
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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L. Moses, BS
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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S. Zareparsi, PhD
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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P. Poorkaj, PhD
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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T. Bird, MD
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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J. Nutt, MD
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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G.D. Schellenberg, PhD
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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H. Payami, PhD
From the Wadsworth Center (D.M.K., C.F.S., T.H.H, J.S.M., L.M., H.P.), New York State Department of Health, Albany; Geriatric (P.P., T.B., G.S., C.P.Z.) and Parkinson's Disease (A.S., C.P.Z.) Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (S.A.F.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (S.A.F., D.S.H., E.S.M.), Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (A.G.), Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA; Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.W.R.), Seattle, WA; Neurology Service (D.S.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (P.P.) and Neurology (T.B., C.P.Z., A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neurology (S.G.), Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR; Department of Ophthalmology (S.Z.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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Notes

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Haydeh Payami, Genomics Institute, New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center, PO Box 22002 Albany, NY 12201-2002 [email protected]

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