The Neuropsychiatric Inventory
Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia
Abstract
We developed a new instrument, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), to assess 10 behavioral disturbances occurring in dementia patients: delusions, hallucinations, dysphoria, anxiety, agitation/aggression, euphoria, disinhibition, irritability/lability, apathy, and aberrant motor activity. The NPI uses a screening strategy to minimize administration time, examining and scoring only those behavioral domains with positive responses to screening questions. Both the frequency and the severity of each behavior are determined. Information for the NPI is obtained from a caregiver familiar with the patient's behavior. Studies reported here demonstrate the content and concurrent validity as well as between-rater, test-retest, and internal consistency reliability; the instrument is both valid and reliable. The NPI has the advantages of evaluating a wider range of psychopathology than existing instruments, soliciting information that may distinguish among different etiologies of dementia, differentiating between severity and frequency of behavioral changes, and minimizing administration time.
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© 1994 by the American Academy of Neurology.
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Published online: December 1, 1994
Published in print: December 1994
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- The characteristics of cognitive and daily living functions of neurocognitive disorders with delusions in elderly Alzheimer’s disease, PeerJ, 12, (e18026), (2024).https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18026
- An evaluation of the Newcastle Model in supporting stress and distress in people with dementia in acute general hospital settings, Clinical Psychology Forum, 1, 373, (67-77), (2024).https://doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2024.1.373.67
- Association between severity of dementia, wandering behavior, and caregiver burden among caregivers of persons living with dementia, Journal of Geriatric Mental Health, 11, 1, (22-26), (2024).https://doi.org/10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_17_23
- Higher Discharge GCS Score is Associated with Both Survival and Long-term Functional Recovery in Patients with Clinically Defined Diffuse Axonal Injury, Indian Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 34, 2, (120-126), (2024).https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpmr.ijpmr_24_24
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- Health-Related Quality of Life among Older Adults with Dementia Living in Vietnamese Nursing Homes, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21, 2, (135), (2024).https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21020135
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