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April 12, 2019
Open Access

Evaluation of seizure treatment in anti-LGI1, anti-NMDAR, and anti-GABABR encephalitis

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Marienke A.A.M. de Bruijn, MD, Agnes van Sonderen, MD, PhD, Marleen H. van Coevorden-Hameete, MD, PhD, Anna E.M. Bastiaansen, MD, Marco W.J. Schreurs, PhD, Rob P.W. Rouhl, MD, PhD, Cees A. van Donselaar, MD, PhD, Marian H.J.M. Majoie, MD, PhD, Rinze F. Neuteboom, MD, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6136-4981, Peter A.E. Sillevis Smitt, MD, PhD, Roland D. Thijs, MD, PhD, and Maarten J. Titulaer, MD, PhDAuthors Info & Affiliations
May 7, 2019 issue
92 (19) e2185-e2196
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000007475
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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Neurology®
Volume 92 • Number 19 • May 7, 2019
Pages: e2185-e2196
PubMed: 30979857

Copyright

Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

Publication History

Received: September 18, 2018
Accepted: January 10, 2019
Published online: April 12, 2019
Published in issue: May 7, 2019

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Disclosure

M. de Bruijn, A. van Sonderen, M.H. van Coevorden-Hameete, A.E.M. Bastiaansen, M.W.J. Schreurs, R.P.W. Rouhl, C.A. van Donselaar, M.H.J.M. Majoie, and R.F. Neuteboom report no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. P.A.E. Sillevis Smitt holds a patent for the detection of anti-DNER and received research support from Euroimmun. R.D. Thijs reports no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. M.J. Titulaer received research funds for serving on a scientific advisory board of MedImmune LLC and a travel grant for lecturing in India from Sun Pharma, India; has filed a patent for methods for typing neurologic disorders and cancer and devices for use therein; and has received research funds for serving on a scientific advisory board of MedImmune LLC, for consultation at Guidepoint Global LLC, and an unrestricted research grant from Euroimmun AG. Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures.

Study Funding

M.J.T. was supported by an ErasmusMC fellowship, has received funding from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, Veni incentive), from the Dutch Epilepsy Foundation (NEF, project 14–19), and from ZonMw (Memorabel program).

Authors

Affiliations & Disclosures

Marienke A.A.M. de Bruijn, MD
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
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Agnes van Sonderen, MD, PhD
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Marleen H. van Coevorden-Hameete, MD, PhD
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Anna E.M. Bastiaansen, MD
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Marco W.J. Schreurs, PhD
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
(1) Thermo Scientific, funding for travel to conference (2) Inova, funding for travel to conference
Editorial Boards:
1.
(1) Nederlands tijdschrift voor Allergie & Astma, editorial advisory board member, 2015-
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
(1) Combined ophthalmic research, Rotterdam (2) Stichting de Merel, Den Haag (3) Stichting Blindenbelangen, Rotterdam
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Rob P.W. Rouhl, MD, PhD
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
1) UCB Pharma, compensation for lectures
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
1) FHML Scannexus Fund 2) Center for Integrative Neurosciences Fund
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Cees A. van Donselaar, MD, PhD
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Marian H.J.M. Majoie, MD, PhD
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Erasmus + Projectnumber: 20 18- 1-NL0 1-KA203-O39O7O Projecttitle: European Partnership on Competencies for High Value COst COnscious CARE.
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
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Rinze F. Neuteboom, MD, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6136-4981
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
Data safety monitory board: EXCEL study (neurofibromatosis) (non profit entity()
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Peter A.E. Sillevis Smitt, MD, PhD
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
P. Sillevis Smitt holds a patent for the detection of anti- DNER.
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
Peter Sillevis Smitt received a research grant from Euroimmun.
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Roland D. Thijs, MD, PhD
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
Medtronic: speakers and travel honorarium UCB: speakers honorarium GSK: speakers honorarium
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
(1) Medtronic Inc.
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Dutch Epilepsy Foundation Nuts Ohra Foundation AC Thomson Foundation The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMW)
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
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Maarten J. Titulaer, MD, PhD
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Disclosure
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(1) Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, since June 2014
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(1) filed a patent for
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Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
(1) Medimmune LLC, research funds for serving on the scientific advisory board; (2) Guidepoint Global LLC, research funds for consultancy; (3) Novartis, research funds for teaching; (4) unrestricted research grant from Euroimmun AG.
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(1) supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO, Veni incentive and Memorabel initiative)
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(1) Previously supported by an ErasmusMC fellowship
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(1) supported by the Dutch Epilepsy Foundations, projectnumber 14-19.
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Notes

Correspondence Dr. Titulaer [email protected]
Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.
The Article Processing Charge was funded by Erasmus University.

Author Contributions

M.A.A.M. de Bruijn: study design, acquisition of data, statistical analysis, interpretation of data, draft of the manuscript. A. van Sonderen: acquisition of data, revision of manuscript for content. M.H. van Coevorden-Hameete: acquisition of data, revision of manuscript for content. A.E.M. Bastiaansen: acquisition of data, revision of manuscript for content. M.W.J. Schreurs: acquisition of data, revision of manuscript for content. R.P.W. Rouhl: acquisition of data, revision of manuscript for content. C.A. van Donselaar: acquisition of data, revision of manuscript for content. M.H.J.M. Majoie: acquisition of data, revision of manuscript for content. R.F. Neuteboom: acquisition of data, revision of manuscript for content. P.A.E. Sillevis Smitt: acquisition of data, revision of manuscript for content. R.D. Thijs: acquisition of data, interpretation of data, revision of manuscript for content. M.J. Titulaer: study design, study supervision, interpretation of data, statistical analysis, revision of manuscript for content.

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